Serfdom in the story of Mumu. "The theme of serfdom in the work of I.S. Turgenev "Mumu". The social significance of Turgenev's Notes of a Hunter

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is not only a great Russian writer, but also an active defender of the weak, humiliated and destitute. As a small boy, he observed the cruel and unfair treatment of serfs by his imperious landowner mother, and there were plenty of other examples around. Having become an adult and received a good education, I. S. Turgenev devoted himself entirely to literature and, on the pages of his works, tried to express his attitude to serfdom as honestly and openly as possible.

Reading the story "Mumu", we get to know many people - the heroes of the events described. This is the "glorious man" Gerasim,

and the timid washerwoman Tatyana, and the quick-witted butler Gavrila, and the downcast shoemaker Kapiton Klimov, and many others. Each of them learned a lot of grief and resentment in his life, but the most amazing thing is that the fate of all these people is completely given into the hands of a capricious, touchy, domineering and stupid lady, any change in mood of which can even cost the life of a serf. Surrounded by flattering and cowardly hangers-on, the lady never thinks about the fact that a bonded person can have pride and dignity. Treating the serfs as if they were toys, she, according to her own understanding, marries them, moves them from place to place, executes and pardons them. Adapting to the absurd character of the lady, the servants become cunning, dodgy, deceitful or intimidated, cowardly, unresponsive. The worst thing is that no one is trying to change anything, because this state of affairs is the norm accepted by everyone. And if the life of serfs is gray and monotonous, then the life of a mistress is "joyless and rainy." She didn't, doesn't and never will have friends, loved ones and even truly loved ones, because she doesn't need honesty and frankness, she doesn't know what it is.

When you read works that tell about the cruelty of serfdom, it seems incredible that it was abolished only some 150 years ago. And it was the writers who fearlessly opposed serfdom that did a lot for this. Such as Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

    Gerasim - main character I. S. Turgenev's story "Mumu". I would even say that he is the only hero of this work. The deaf-mute tall hero not only outwardly differs from those around him. Economic and hardworking, Gerasim retains the good, ...

    Gerasim is a janitor who lived with a mistress. This is a tall man, very strong, but in addition to these good qualities he had his own ailment that prevented him from living - he was deaf and mute. Gerasim is unsociable, hardworking. He didn't like drunks. As I said, Gerasim...

    The story of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "Mumu" struck me very much. When Gerasim killed the dog, I could not hold back my tears. And how hard it was for him! After all, he raised Mumu from a small puppy. This is the only creature that loved Gerasim, and he ...

  1. New!

    Is it possible to talk about speech characteristic Gerasim? How did he communicate with others? Gerasim did not have oral speech in our usual sense. But he communicated with others, and they understood him. Gestures, facial expressions, sounds served for communication. Even Mumu is fine...

    2. Gerasim is a man who belonged to an old lady. He lived in the village, but then he was taken to the city. He looked gloomy: big, healthy, strong. But he had one very big flaw: he was deaf and dumb. Gerasim worked as a janitor and was very...

Childhood and the beginning of the literary path of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. Definition of the concepts "serfdom" and "personality". The history of writing the story "Mumu". Characteristics of the heroes of the work based on a comparison of verbal and graphic images.

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Municipal educational institution

Ramon Secondary School No. 2

Ramon municipal district

Voronezh region

Lesson outline

On the topic: Serfdom and personality (based on the story of I.S. Turgenev "Mumu")

Prepared by:

teacher of Russian language and literature

T.A. Shepelenko

One of the most difficult works to understand, which is included in the 5th grade program, is the story of I.S. Turgenev "Mumu". It can be very difficult for fifth-graders to appreciate the depth and seriousness of a work. First of all, the guys feel sorry for the unfortunate dog Mumu, they feel sorry and at the same time admire the heroic strength of the deaf-mute Gerasim, someone condemns him for drowning Mumu without trying to resist the mistress. That is, first of all, it is emotions. And the whole difficulty of this work lies in the fact that, throwing aside emotions, to see in the deaf-mute Gerasim a symbol of serf Russia - just as strong, powerful and unable to speak, to resist.

This lesson is the last in the study of this work. The results are summed up, conclusions are drawn, the facts of the writer's biography are recalled.

Target:

1) Educational:

To repeat the knowledge about childhood and the beginning of the literary path of I.S. Turgenev, plunging into the era in which the writer lived and worked, to develop interest in the personality of the writer and his work;

Recall the history of the creation of the story "Mumu";

Consider the characters and their actions.

2) Developing:

To form the ability to analyze the text of a work of art;

Develop the ability to express one's thoughts, evaluate the hero's act - to generalize, draw conclusions;

To form an idea of ​​the heroes of the work on the basis of a comparison of verbal and graphic images;

Learn to succinctly present a narrative text;

Develop communication skills, enrich vocabulary;

To continue work on the development of the culture of speech of schoolchildren.

3) Educational:

Education of universal values;

Ability to work in a group: respect the opinion of a friend, develop a sense of mutual assistance, support.

During the classes

Good afternoon guys. We have read the story of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "Mumu". In our lesson, we finish talking about this surprisingly interesting, but at the same time very complex work of the great Russian writer of the second half of the 19th century, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, "Mumu". Today we have to solve a difficult problem, which lies in the following concepts: serfdom and personality. Write the topic of the lesson in your notebook.

First, we need to define the meaning of these concepts. At home, according to the explanatory dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov, our classmates looked at the meaning of these words and wrote them down in their notebooks. Let's read them. (Pre-prepared students read the definitions).

Serfdom is a historical system in Russia, a form of dependence of the peasants: attaching them to the land and subordinating the administrative and judicial power of the feudal lord. IN Western Europe(where in the Middle Ages English villans, Catalan Remens, French and Italian serfs were in the position of serfs), elements of serfdom disappeared in the 16th-18th centuries. Severe forms of serfdom spread in Central and Eastern Europe during the same centuries; here serfdom was abolished during the reforms of the late 18th-19th centuries. In Russia, on a national scale, serfdom was formalized by the Sudebnik of 1497, decrees on reserved years and lesson years, and finally - by the Cathedral Code of 1649. In the XVII-XVIII centuries. the entire non-free population merged into the serfs. Abolished by the peasant reform of 1861).

Serf man - Serf - 1. Relating to the social system, in which the landowner had the right to forced labor, property and personality of peasants attached to the land and belonging to him. 2. Serf.

Personality - a person as a carrier of some properties.

The story "Mumu" was written in 1851, nine years before 1861, when serfdom was abolished. Let's write in a notebook:

1852 - the story "Mumu", 1861 - the abolition of serfdom.

What is serfdom?

(Message from a prepared student)

The entire population of Russia was divided into several groups, called estates: the nobility, the clergy, the merchants, the bourgeoisie (small merchants, artisans, petty employees), the peasantry. A person could move from one class to another in very rare cases. The nobility and clergy were considered privileged estates.

The nobles had the right to own land and people - serfs. More than half of the peasant population of Central Russia was a serf.

What do you know about serfs? (children's answers)

The nobleman who owned the peasants could impose any punishment on them, could sell the peasants, including separating families; for example, to sell a mother to one landowner and her children to another. Serfs were considered by law the full property of the master. In fact, it was a legalized form of slavery. The peasants had to work for the landowner in his field (corvée) or give him part of the money they earned (tire).

Often the nobles lived in villages that belonged to them, but it happened that the nobles traveled, lived in the city or abroad, and the manager was in charge of the village. If a noble family lived in their own house in the city, it was served by numerous households, that is, serfs who lived with their owners in the city.

Guys, what class did I.S. Turgenev belong to?

(children's answers)

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was born in the Oryol province. The village of Spasskoye-Lutovinovo is located a few versts from Mtsensk. District town of the Oryol province. A huge manor estate, in a birch grove, with a horseshoe-shaped estate, with a church, with a house of forty rooms, endless services, greenhouses, wine cellars, pantries, stables, with a park and an orchard.

Spasskoye belonged to the Lutovinovs. The last of the Lutovinovs was owned by the maiden Varvara Petrovna, the mother of the future writer. What information do you know about her?

Student: Turgenev's mother, Varvara Petrovna, nee Lutovinova, is a domineering, intelligent and sufficiently educated woman, she did not shine with beauty. She was small, squat, with a broad face, spoiled by smallpox. And only the eyes were good: large, dark and shiny. Having lost her father early, she was brought up in her stepfather's family, where she felt like a stranger and powerless. She was forced to run away from home and found shelter with her uncle, who kept her in strictness and threatened to kick her out of the house for the slightest disobedience. But unexpectedly, the uncle died, leaving his niece huge estates and almost five thousand serfs.

She was already in her thirties when a young officer, Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev, came to Spasskoye to buy horses from her factory. What information about the father of Ivan Sergeevich do we know?

Student: It was a young officer who came from an old noble family, which by that time had become impoverished. He was handsome, graceful, smart.

Varvara Petrovna immediately fell in love with the young officer. Their wedding took place in 1816. A year later, their son Nikolai was born, and then the son Ivan. And what does Turgenev remember about his childhood?

Student: The upbringing of children was mainly carried out by Varvara Petrovna. The suffering she endured in her time in the house of her stepfather and uncle was reflected in her character. Wayward, capricious, she treated her children unevenly. “I have nothing to remember my childhood,” Turgenev said many years later. - Not a single bright memory. I was afraid of my mother like fire. I was punished for every trifle - in a word, they drilled me like a recruit. A rare day passed without a rod, when I dared to ask why I was being punished, my mother categorically stated: “You better know about it, guess.”

Even as a child, knowing the horror of serfdom, young Turgenev took Annibalov's oath: “I could not breathe the same air, stay close to what I hated ... In my eyes, this enemy had a certain image, bore a well-known name: this enemy was - serfdom . Under this name, I collected and concentrated everything against which I decided to fight to the end - with which I swore never to try on ... This was my Annibal oath. "Notes of a hunter", the story "Mumu" - these are the first works in which the vow given by the young writer is fulfilled.

So, let's get to the story. To begin with, we need to recall the atmosphere of the manor house and its mistress - the lady.

What does the lady's house look like? (In one of the remote streets of Moscow, in a gray house with white columns, a mezzanine and a crooked balcony).

draw verbal portrait ladies. (An old woman, in a white cap, possibly with pince-nez). Serf right personality mumu

What did we learn about the lady at the very beginning of the story? (A widow surrounded by numerous households. Her sons served in St. Petersburg, her daughters got married; she rarely went out and lived in solitude last years his miserly and bored old age. Her day, joyless and rainy, has long passed; but her evening was blacker than the night).

If we summarize our observations, what conclusion can be drawn? Who is this lady and what is the atmosphere of that house in which all events unfold? (The manor's house is neglected, not well maintained. The old lady, forgotten by everyone, is living out her life. The sons served in St. Petersburg, the daughters got married and, probably, rarely visited their mother).

Turgenev shows us a domineering and capricious old woman. But she is not main character story. And who is the main character? (Gerasim).

We have to work in groups and answer some questions.

(Group work)

An approximate answer of the children of the 1st group: Turgenev calls Gerasim "the most wonderful person" of the whole servant. Gerasim was a tall man of heroic build, deaf-mute from birth. The author writes: “Gifted with extraordinary strength, he worked for four - the matter was arguing in his hands, and it was fun to look at him when he either plowed and, leaning his huge palms on the plow, it seemed, alone, without the help of a horse, cut up the elastic chest of the earth either, on Peter's day, the scythe acted so crushingly that even a young birch forest would be brushed off the roots, or it thrashed agilely and non-stop with a three-foot flail, and the oblong and hard muscles of his shoulders lowered and rose like a lever. The constant silence gave solemn importance to his indefatigable work. He was a nice peasant, and, if it were not for his misfortune, every girl would willingly marry him ... "

According to this description, one can judge the author's attitude towards his hero: Turgenev admires Gerasim, his strength and greed for work. Turgenev speaks of his indefatigability and diligence.

Group 2: What is a comparison? Find comparisons in the description of Gerasim's work.

Approximate answer of children of the 2nd group: Comparison - the image of one phenomenon by comparing it with another. Examples of comparisons: “... like a lever, the oblong and hard muscles of his shoulders went down and up”; Turgenev compares Gerasim with a young, healthy bull, “who had just been taken from the field, where juicy grass grew up to his belly”; Gerasim in the city feels "like a captured beast"; Gerasim "looked like a sedate gander"; when Gerasim worked, “the ax rang like glass, and fragments and logs flew in all directions ...”

Group 3: What is hyperbole? Find examples of hyperbole in the text. What features of Gerasim impress you the most?

Approximate answer of children of the 3rd group: Hyperbole is a strong exaggeration.Describing the power of Gerasim, Turgenev uses hyperbole. The writer says about the bed: "one hundred pounds could be put on it - it would not bend." When Gerasim mowed, he could "brush a young birch forest down with its roots." He hit two cows with their foreheads against each other in such a way that “at least don’t take them to the police later.” Gerasim is strong, he loves to work, he is neat, he always does everything thoroughly.

Group 4: “Find in the text a description of Gerasim's closet. Why do you think the author describes the hero’s dwelling in such detail?

An approximate answer of the children of the 4th group: Gerasim's closet was small and was located above the kitchen. “... He arranged it for himself, according to his own taste: he built in it a bed of oak planks on four logs, a truly heroic bed; one hundred pounds could be put on it - it would not bend; under the bed was a hefty chest; in the corner stood a table of the same strong quality, and near the table - a chair with three legs, but so strong and squat that Gerasim himself used to pick it up, drop it and grin. The closet was locked with a lock, reminiscent of its appearance kalach, only black; Gerasim always carried the key to this lock with him on his belt. He didn't like to be visited." Turgenev describes Gerasim's closet in such detail in order to use this description to show in more detail the character of the hero: unsociable, strong.

Let's turn to the illustrations that you have prepared. (Working with illustrations of students. Many students depicted Gerasim. They argue their answers).

What is your impression of Gerasim? What kind of person was he? Gerasim is like a Russian epic hero. Nature endowed him with beauty, health, intelligence, a kind heart, but forgot to give him speech and hearing. Gerasim loves peasant work, knows how to work on the land. But work in the garden - with a broom and a barrel - seems ridiculous to him, but he stubbornly carries out the assigned work. In everything, Gerasim loves order, accuracy. He is one of those who knew his place well, the place of a serf, ready to "exactly" fulfill the orders of the mistress.

After reading the story to the end, we will see that not all orders of the mistress will be executed by Gerasim. One day he will leave her. Could Gerasim return to the lady's house after he had fulfilled her cruel order? (No. Gerasim could not forgive the mistress and return to her house. He fulfills her cruel order, but does not forgive her).

The lady, knowing how attached Gerasim is to Mumu, gives a cruel order, without thinking about how Gerasim will feel. But she didn't care. After all, he was an ordinary serf for her, which means that she could do anything with him and his fate.

Let's return to the topic of our lesson and try to answer the question: are the concepts of "personality" and "serfdom" compatible? (No. Serfdom is dependence, and personality is freedom. Gerasim chooses freedom).

Turgenev does not just portray Gerasim as mute from birth. In the person of Gerasim, he personifies the Russian people, the disenfranchised silent people in the conditions of serfdom. But Gerasim, by his departure, proves that even a silent people can protest and have their own opinion.

Imagine that we have to make a "ladder" and place the heroes on it. To what level shall we put the mistress, and to which Gerasim? (We will put Gerasim on a higher level than the lady).

Tell me, what conclusions did you draw for yourself? (In any situation, one must remain human. Strive to improve oneself, love others, help them).

Grading. Summing up the lesson.

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I liked it so much that I decided to choose it for my research. The topic of the research is “The condemnation of serfdom in the story “MUMU”. Studying the biography of the writer, working with the text helped me find the answer to the problematic question: "How does serfdom affect a person?" In my work, I addressed the following questions:

writer biography pages

OUTPUT:

The janitor Gerasim was a man of extraordinary strength, this is evidenced not only by his portrait, but also by the description of the room in which he arranged everything to his liking. By nature, he is a hardworking and responsible person, kind and able to sympathize. But at the same time, Gerasim is a deeply unhappy person: he loved Tatyana, but she was married off to the drunkard Kapiton, he became attached to Mumu with all his heart, but the lady ordered her to be drowned.

Who is to blame for the fact that Gerasim is unhappy? The answer is unequivocal: the lady, and in her person serfdom.

MAIN CONCLUSIONS:

Serfdom cripples, disfigures the human soul

Serfdom destroys families, while kinship ties are torn

A person cannot manage his life, he does not belong to himself, he cannot be happy

In the story "Mumu" Turgenev shows the first sprouts of protest, they are still timid and spontaneous, but these are harbingers of future changes

· The story "Mumu" puts the writer on a par with such fighters against serfdom as Pushkin, Gogol, Nekrasov. Honesty and nobility helped him to make a bold choice, to join the ranks of the defenders of the oppressed people.

He vividly depicted the evil of serfdom. In several stories he portrayed character traits this life from a tragic point of view ("Raspberry Water", "Odnodvorets Ovsyannikov", "Office") and from a comic point of view ("Lgov").

Video lecture by D. Buck about the "Notes of a Hunter"

In the story " Raspberry Water"The same theme is developed that is the basis of Nekrasov's poems:" Reflections at the front door" And " forgotten village". The peasant Vlas, under the pressure of various misfortunes that fell upon him (mainly the death of an adult son), became impoverished - he was unable to pay dues and went on foot from the village to Moscow to ask the master himself for "mercy", but "the master not only did not wished to enter into his position - he was even "angry" because the peasant dared to "disturb" him in addition to the clerk, and drove him out with nothing. Exhausted by many days of walking, heat and hunger, the grief-stricken peasant, a victim of landlord heartlessness, made such a pitiful impression that even the unfortunate Stepushka, an impersonal downtrodden creature, without family or tribe, felt a surge of compassion for Vlas. The peasant had already “suffered” all his grief and spoke of him “with a grin, as if he were talking about something else; but a tear was welling up in his small and shrunken eyes; his lips were twitching." "Well, are you going home now?" “Where to?” It is known - home. Wife, tea, now she whistles into her fist with hunger. - “Yes, you would ... that ...,” Styopushka suddenly spoke, became confused, fell silent and began to dig in the pot. This clumsy "advice", however, showed the immense strength of sympathy from one poor man to another - and the downtrodden, silent "fool" Stepushka grew much taller than his heartless "educated" master.

In the story "Ovsyannikov's Odnodvorets", several stories about the unbridled morals of the good old days are put into the mouth of the narrator, Ovsyannikov himself. Grandfather Turgenev, a tyrant and a despot, is especially vividly depicted, taking land from his neighbors by force, punishing innocent people without mercy. In the face of another landowner-reveler, a reveler master is depicted, drunk and outrageous with his dissolute household; whips play a prominent role here too.

In the story: "Office" the chief clerk is depicted, who abuses the trust of the lady and, under her patronage, does his "deeds". In the story: “The Burmister”, a steward is depicted who, with full power, cracks down on the peasants, robs them and enriches himself at their expense.

The story: “Lgov” tells the tragicomic fate of an old yard man, nicknamed “Bitch”, who experienced the tyranny of his masters in full force. At their whim, they not only changed his names, but also ruined his life: he was both a coachman, and a cook, and a “coffee maker”, and a “ahter”, and a Cossack, and a “faletor”, and a gardener, and a traveler, was and shoemaker and, finally, lived out his gray days as a fisherman by a pond in which there were no fish. After such an everyday "alteration" before us is a completely impersonal creature, killed by someone else's whim. He was being punished because his brother ran away; he remained single, because the mistress, herself an “old girl”, did not allow anyone to marry - he was flogged, he was insulted, humiliated - and, in the end, he, meek and unresponsive, thanks God for the fact that in his old age he has free food : “grubs are given out - and then, glory to Thee, Lord, I am very pleased. Extend, Lord, the centuries of your mistress! says this lonely, downtrodden old man.

Less space is allotted in the "Notes" to the landowners. Turgenev does not dwell on them for a particularly long time, although he nevertheless gives several living types: either the weak-willed Karataev, with his soft heart, flashes before you, then the good-natured and cordial Tatyana Borisovna, then the honest madcap Tchertop-hanov - the Russian Don Quixote, then the liberal Penochkin, sending to the stable to flog his footman for an underheated glass of wine - all these are living faces, drawn in many ways and truthfully. Turgenev, obviously, does not set out to "denounce" the nobility, but simply wants to broadly and freely draw the life of the Russian provinces - the life of the peasant and the noble - that's why he draws both the good and the evil of this life equally impartially. In the story: "Ovsyannikov's Odnodvorets" we have before us a whole gallery of aristocratic images of both the distant past and contemporary Turgenev. And again, in the depiction of all of them, one can feel the calm objectivity of the artist-author.

Forms of work in the lesson:

  1. frontal;
  2. individual.

Target:

  1. give a complete description of the image of the main character of the story - Gerasim;
  2. show the moral strength of Gerasim, his superiority over other heroes of the story;
  3. to show the ugliness of social relations based on the personal dependence of a person on a person, to reveal the tragedy of the fate of serfs.

During the classes

I. Introductory speech of the teacher

Often, Turgenev's story "Mumu" remains in the memory of readers as a terrible story about a drowned dog, causing a bewildered question: "Why didn't Gerasim go with her to the village?"

However, this story is not so simple for an adult reader. To understand him correctly, today we need to give a complete description of the main character Gerasim, try to understand his actions, understand those human relationships that took place during the life of Turgenev. This is the purpose of our today's lesson.

I know that you know the text well, you liked the story (your drawings speak about this), and you will actively work in the lesson. So let's start.

II. Individual task.

The time of writing the story "Mumu" is 1852. What is historical background of this work? What characterizes this time in Russia? Will tell us about it...

(A short story about serfdom by a prepared student.)

In 19th century Russia, people lived under serfdom. This meant that there were rich landowners and poor peasants who were completely subordinate to their masters. One gentleman had many people, but they were precisely “people”, “servants”, “serfs”. They work all day, they huddle in closets, get tired, lack sleep, and all this in order to please their master, please him, fulfill his every desire. Some landlords did not even consider their serfs to be people. Regarding the serfs, they said: “My thing. What I want, I do with it. I am the owner!

The power of the arbitrariness of the feudal lords was terrible because it was precisely this estate that had the opportunity to do whatever it pleased with their serfs. It was under the serfdom that the most terrible right existed - the exploitation of one person by another. That's what serfdom is.

III. Work on the topic of the lesson.

And now let's return to our work and give a complete description of the appearance, character and actions of Gerasim.

1. Characteristics of Gerasim (slide 2, 3).

Listen to the audio recording, which begins the characterization of Gerasim, and continue the analysis of Gerasim according to the proposed plan, using the textbook material (pp. 209-211).

  1. The extraordinary power of Gerasim.
  2. Gerasim's new duties.
  3. Relations with other servants.
  4. An incident in the neighbourhood.
  5. The nature of Gerasim.

2. Work with comparisons.

- When describing Gerasim, Turgenev uses many comparisons - the image of one phenomenon by comparing it with another (slide 4). Find these comparisons in the text and explain their use.

  1. "He grew up like a tree grows in fertile soil."
    Will he be strong enough to take root in the new soil?
  2. “I was bored and wondered how a young healthy bull, which had just been taken from a field, put on a railroad car and rushed, but God knows where.”
  3. "Caught Animal"
    - And what should the captured animal feel? (Fear, horror from the unknown, the proximity of death).
    - So, how do we see Gerasim? (Hardworking, responsible, suffering, feeling uncomfortable).
    What is the source of his suffering? (In the fact that he is a serf, that others control his fate).
    - There is another comparison that leads away from thinking about the hard lot of a serf.
  4. "Powerful goose."
    - Why is it compared with a gander? Are there any explanations in the text? (The goose, as you know, is an important and reasonable bird. Gerasim felt respect for them).

Conclusion: Strong, dexterous, skillful, resourceful, hardworking, hero, fulfilling his duty - serfdom, strict and serious disposition, suffering, perplexed, respecting himself and others, a person with self-esteem.

3. A bright spot in the life of Gerasim was Tatyana.

Retelling of Gerasim's relationship to Tatyana.

Why didn't Gerasim fight for Tatyana?

Conclusion: The moral superiority of Gerasim over the people around him is felt. This is a strong and gentle man, generous and able to maintain a sense of human dignity, and therefore not going to conflict, because he understood that he depended on the lady, that he did not decide anything.

4. Gerasim and Mumu.

After seeing off Tatyana, Gerasim walked along the river in a serious condition ...

So Mumu entered his life (slide 5).

- New joyful worries dispersed gloomy thoughts, and Gerasim "was very pleased with his fate."

- Did Gerasim himself change with the appearance of Mumu?

- Explain the meaning of the words: "Not a single mother cared for her child like Gerasim cared for his pet."

5. Gerasim and the mistress.

(Pause - an invitation to the theater to meet the heroine of the story).

But the happiness of Gerasim and Mumu did not last long. One day…

And now I suggest a little rest and a trip to the theater. Sit comfortably, listen carefully, because a lady has come to visit us.

Monologue of a student in the role of a lady.

(Tell me, please, what kind of dog was barking in our yard all night? It didn’t let me sleep! I don’t know if it was a mute or someone else, it just didn’t let me sleep. Yes, I’m surprised why there are such an abyss of dogs! I wish do we have a yard dog? Well, what else, what else do we need a dog for? Just start a mess. The eldest is not in the house - that's what. And what does a dumb dog need? Who allowed him to keep dogs in my yard? Yesterday I went to the window, and she was lying in the front garden, dragging some kind of abomination, nibbling - and I have roses planted there ... So that she wouldn’t be here today ... Do you hear? Today!)

- What was the lady like? (slide 6).

- Why did the lady at all costs decide to remove the dog? What did she do to her? (Disobedience)

- Does Gerasim take any measures to save Mumu?

- Why does Gerasim decide to fulfill the order of the mistress himself?

Conclusion: The forces are unequal, everything is against him, he will not be able to save Mumu from the lady's people. No exit. The only thing he can do is save the dog from cruelty and insensitive footmen, alleviate its suffering, because he understands that the order of the lady.

6. Death of Mumu.

Watch an excerpt from the video of the same name.

- The death of a beloved being served as an impetus for decisive, independent actions of the hero.

- What is Gerasim doing?

7. Expressive reading by the teacher of the scene of Gerasim's departure from the city to the village (pp. 240-241), (slide 7).

- Why did Gerasim go to the village, disobeying the mistress?

– What does the final comparison with a lion add to our idea of ​​a hero?

Conclusion: He is no longer a captured beast, but a lion - a king, a master of the situation. Comparison with a lion helps to feel a powerful surge of strength that makes him invulnerable to danger. Is a person who is part of such beautiful world, may be someone's property, a blind instrument of evil in the wrong hands. And Gerasim, with his departure to the village, protests against the actions of the mistress. He can no longer put up with the situation in which he finds himself.

IV. Lesson summary. General conclusion.

1. Prototype of Gerasim (slide 8).

The prototype of the image of Gerasim was the mute janitor Andrei, who lived with Varvara Petrovna Lutovinova, the writer's mother. It was "a handsome man with blond hair and blue eyes, huge growth and with the same force, he lifted 10 pounds. The grievances that Gerasim endured from his mistress almost completely repeat the grievances inflicted on the real janitor Andrei. Andrei, unlike Gerasim, served the mistress until the end of his life, retained slavish obedience to her even after the destruction of the dog.

- Why did Turgenev change the end of the story with the deaf-mute?

(The author at the end of the story expresses his triumph - Gerasim's victory not only over the oppression of the mistress, but also over himself, over the habit of enduring and obeying, the habit of not having and not daring to have his own decisions).

2. Think about who is to blame for Mumu's death? Why do you think so? (slide 9)

  1. Gerasim.
  2. Lady.
  3. Stepan, who conveyed the order of the lady.
  4. I. S. Turgenev.
  5. Serfdom.

Conclusion: Throughout the course of the narrative, Turgenev proves that not so much the lady is to blame for the fate of Gerasim as the existing system, based on the dependence of one person on another, i.e. serfdom. The image of Gerasim shows the best features of the working people: nobility, spiritual purity, depth of feelings, love for the native land, self-esteem, and most importantly, the ability to resist injustice (slide 10).