"Lesson of Courage" based on the novel by A. Fadeev "The Young Guard". Patriotic education. lesson about the young guard "touching the heart with a feat"

"Young guard"

Dear children, in 2010 our country will celebrate the great holiday of the 65th anniversary of the Victory of our people in the Great Patriotic war. Today we are holding reader's conference on this significant date. And I would like to turn to you, the descendants of those who fought on the battlefields of the Great Patriotic War, with a question. Do you know the names of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Guli Koroleva, Alexander Matrosov?

Judging by the four young people who lighted a house in Vitkov, north of Moravia, where four adults and four children were sleeping, this April, just before midnight with three Molotov cocktails, this would violate Czech justice and society. The first should show today that the excesses of the 1990s, when racists in the country received ridiculous punishments for their cruel crimes, including murder, are definitely over. The more optimistic part of the other wants to make sure that the Czechs explicitly condemn Vitkov's crime.

A heavy punishment could at least alleviate the fears of the local Roma and send another "no" to the local neo-Nazi movement. Lightning and trigger clicks don't end. Senator Miloslav Studnicka, a tiny, gray-haired man, hates the slightest noise, and he expects the photographers to leave the hall for a quarter of the photo session.

Meanwhile, twenty years ago, every schoolchild knew by heart the names of these heroes - participants in the Great Patriotic War. Books have been written about their exploits, films have been made, monuments have been erected to them. Before the war, these were the most ordinary girls and boys: a Moscow schoolgirl and a student of a trade college, a children's film actress and a tenth grade graduate, a secretary of the Komsomol school committee and a pupil orphanage. But when the war came, they forgot about all their plans, dreams and hopes and became scouts, pilots, tankers, medical instructors, went into partisans. They were united by a sincere love for the Motherland and a desire to do everything possible to win, even at the cost of their own lives.

In silence, he begins to read the judgment. "All the defendants were found guilty of organizing the crime of murder." The four defendants try to hold their lips tight, but the masks are slowly melting. One looks at the scope, the other tilts his head slightly. Only the first in a row, a tall, tall man in a shirt with a misty eyebrow and looking into the void, not drowning. And he won't hit for the next dozen minutes.

The judge reads the reasoning for almost an hour and lists all the aspects that the tribunal led to the assurance that the four arsonists were planning to kill a gypsy family and cannot be trusted that they were only trying to kindle some uninhabited ruin. It is clear from police intercepts and testimonies from witnesses and defendants that the attack on the family wanted to expose the neo-Nazi movement and its ideology. Their crime was apparently planned by the court and attacked a house they knew was inhabited by a gypsy family.

Why does the present generation have little or nothing to say about those who gave their lives for life on earth?

How can such ignorance be explained: unwillingness to read or unwillingness to know about the past of one's country?

We have read A. Fadeev's novel "The Young Guard" and watched the film of the same name by S. Gerasimov.

Let's remember what question the Young Guards constantly ask each other in the first days of the German occupation? (How are you going to live on?) What is the meaning of this question?

The most important part - the amount of punishment - would escape because of the dignity of the judge's dignity. Twenty-two years in prison for David Vakulik, a twenty-six-year-old specialist, 26-year-old unemployed Jaromir Luk and junior year Yva Müller. The next twenty years for twenty-two-year-old worker Vaclav Cojocar.

In two cases even higher than in the closing speech, the prosecutor Brigita Bilikova was proposed, who considered the quartet in contrast to the court hierarchically, and each of them attributed a slightly different share of the blame. But the court found that everyone is equally guilty, and Cojocaru gets a lower rate only because he was never punished before the arson attack. social justice was tried by the court due to racial overtones and proven intent to kill as too high. There is a sense between the lines, which are certainly high enough for the court to ignore Cojocaru and Muller's cooperation with the police, or recognize them and apologize to those whose attack changed his life forever.

The occupation of Krasnodon lasted a little over six months. In mid-February, the city was liberated. What prevented the Young Guard from doing nothing, but to sit still and wait for the approach of the Red Army and not create any organization? Why did they need it?

The youngest member of the organization, Radik Yurkin, was only 14 years old. Commissar of the "Young Guard" Oleg Koshevoy is 16. We know that war is, first of all, the business of adults, men. Why do children and teenagers join the fight against enemies?

Extenuating circumstances are simply not in play today. And this is understandable even in the case of compensation for Natalya Kudrikova, three years ago, who only survived a miracle, despite burns on 80% of her body. The court went up to the highest amount offered by the agent of one of Paul Ula's victims - nine and a half million. In fact, this is a symbolic satisfaction, because the arsonists have nothing to pay, and the execution cannot be connected with relatives. Still, it's a remarkable decision: The Senate has the guts to decide on financial compensation itself and not refer crime victims to lengthy civil hearings.

The Germans subjected the Young Guard to especially sophisticated tortures, beat their mothers, sisters, loved ones and became brutal before their eyes, and toughened interrogations and torture every day, and even executed them at night. Why did they do it? What were the executioners trying to prove?

(They were powerless in their desire to break and bring to their knees the youth - the future of the people).

There is relief on their faces. Forgiveness, in the case of Anna Sivakova, cannot yet be said. Her youngest daughter nearly died in the attack. During several months of hospitalization, she was on the verge of death several times, she lost three fingers on her hands and the consequences of the racist attack, which she suffered for the rest of her life. She is still waiting for many surgeries, the extensive scars on her face do not squeeze out even more confident plastic surgery, shortening the tendons in her legs, making her normal walking and stagnant, and her parents are now equated with the fact that their daughter's huge amount of anesthesia causes mental backwardness.

Did the actors who played in the film "Young Guard" succeed in conveying the spirit of the novel and the character of the Young Guard?

Of the entire organization, only eleven Young Guards survived. Among them is Nina Ivantsova, a staff liaison officer, who voluntarily joined the Soviet Army and participated in the storming of Berlin. On one of the walls of the Reichstag, next to her name, she put the names of Oleg Koshevoy, Sergei Tyulenin and Ulyana Gromova. How would you explain this act of Nina?

The lawyers silently take notes and their faces cannot be read. The benches reserved for the public are full today for the first time since the start of the makeover. Kumar Viswanathan, small boss of the civic association. The mutual coexistence that helped in Ostrava and the neighborhood with the gypsy people who came to the outskirts of the company came along with two brown female corporals. Just a few steps away from the self-proclaimed prince of the local Olacz, businessman Josef Stoica sits at the home of Vaclav Cojocar's mother with two grown-up blonde daughters.

Does the generation of young guards differ from you, today's youth, and if so, how?

Once, the following statement was printed in the American magazine Colliers: “We must ensure that in the coming war with Russia there is no Young Guard, no Kosmodemyanskaya and Matrosov. There is a way for this: we must belittle the feat of boys and girls born and who grew up precisely under Soviet rule, to deprive them of the halo of national heroes of the great Fatherland.” In your opinion, did this wish of American ideologists and politicians be realized? Who or what contributed to this?

None of the relatives had arson. And, aside from a few young men whose outfits can read sympathy for the far right, no support is generated from local neo-Nazis. The day before the attack, childhood friends David Vakulik and Ivo Müller disappeared from Horni Benešov to neighboring Opava, which is no coincidence, of course. In the popular pub, Peklo was waiting for his local famous Jaromir Lukesh called Jerry. All three are strongly associated with Roma hatred and admiration for the neo-Nazi movement.

At the time, Luke had three courts, one for promoting and advancing movements aimed at suppressing human rights and freedoms, and Muller accepted Vakulik's violent excess. She reported this to the police, who assessed the situation as a violation of civil cohabitation. Just two months later, he landed on the bed where she slept with her baby, a fake Molotov cocktail. Because the bottle, wrapped in the characteristic fabric, did not burn and contained no gas, the police shelved the case, and the young mother's suspicion that Müller and Vakulik may have been an attack was never considered.

What new things did you discover for yourself after watching the film "Young Guard"?

In Krasnodon, the memory of the dead young guards is tremblingly guarded by the inhabitants of the city. The Young Guard Museum has been operating in the city for many years. Chuvashova Elena Vladimirovna visited it a few years ago.

The events described in the novel have a real basis. The heroes of the work - ordinary boys and girls - lived in the city of Krasnodon. This is a small town in Ukraine, which before the war was like all mining towns, quiet, surrounded by gardens.

Two years later, Müller, Vakulik and Lukes were sitting at a table in Pekla, as usual, with other men who knew mainly the marches of workers or street attacks on gypsies living in the village of Litvinov in Genoa. The invitation was also given to me by a former classmate Müller and Vakulik from the Upper City Center Vaclav Cojocaru. But he was missing in hell because fate had dismissed him in the meantime and he had no money for the 70 km journey from Sobotin, where he lived in his stepfather's house.

As to the exact topic of the conversation, the neo-Nazi group did not agree with the subsequent investigation, but it is certain that they remembered the Marxist marches and, over time, there was a desire to "give the gypsies a proper warning." Then the words of the burnt bottle fell off and in a moment Jerry came up with the idea of ​​a suitable object. "He said that he spent one time in Vitkov and he knew about the house where the dubious existence took place," Müller later said in one of the police statements.

And it was here that the terrible events that we read about in the novel "The Young Guard" took place.

The square named after the "Young Guard" is the face of the city of Krasnodon. In the center of it is a majestic monument. On a high pedestal near the bronze banner, the legendary heroes of Krasnodon froze forever. The authors of the monument, sculptors V.I. Agibalov, V.I. Mukhin was given not only the resemblance of O. Koshevoy, U. Gromova, L. Shevtsova, S. Tyulenin and I. Zemnukhov, but also inner world, determination to fight to the end, proud inspiration. The monument captures the exciting moment of the oath of the patriots, and therefore it is called "The Oath".

In any case, Luke had two months before the act of his mistress, for which he regularly went to Vitkov, and he lived for decades in the nearby village of Radkov. And the fact is that the Roma family "Little House on the Road" lived with her husband and children twenty-one-year-old daughter Anna Sivakova for twenty years. Their current situation was not rosy. Anna Sivakova had to take care of four small children almost alone, because her seven-year-old man had no job and avoided a yearly prison for petty theft.

But the family worked well and had no enemies among the neighbors. In the evening, a party broke out with a clear agreement: tomorrow we will go to Vitkov with bottles. The next day, Vaclav Cojocaru is missing from a series of tutorials and starts with the preparation of the event. He pulls a couple of glass bottles of alcohol from the container and assures him that a spare can of gasoline and some rags are in his purple honey purse. Shortly after dark, he goes to Horni Benesov. For about an hour he meets old friends from the founding father Müller and Vakulik and together they continue to gather Luke in Opava.

Not far from the monument on black marble slabs are the names of Komsomol members and communists. This is a mass grave of members of the party and Komsomol underground. Here, on March 1, 1943, thousands of Krasnodon residents buried their heroes, extracted from the pit of mine No. 5. Then a temporary wooden obelisk was installed with the words of M. Gorky: “Let you die, but in the song of the brave and strong in spirit you will always be a living example, a proud call to freedom, to light.

This time, however, with David Vakulik's old favorite: Cojocaru is a brother and refuses to buy another petrol. Luke is waiting to meet you at one of the fast food restaurants. The area is fortified, and about two hours before midnight it reaches thirty kilometers from Vitki. He crosses the whole city back and forth, and finally, at its edge, he finds a peaceful place next to the sunlit garages. There, four people enter the production of three fire bottles. After about ten minutes, they find that they have no fire, and they start looking for it in local pubs.

Day and night, throwing reflections on the tombstones, the Eternal Flame burns. It was lit on May 9, 1965, on the day of the 20th anniversary of the Victory. And on this day, the granite block-stele “Grieving Mother” opened up to the gaze of Krasnodon residents. Its authors embodied in it the inconsolable grief of not only Krasnodon mothers who lost their children during the war. On the reverse side of the stele are copies of the inscriptions left by the Young Guards on the walls of the cell.

Luke finally buys a lighter from one of them, and a fully equipped group comes to the house where everyone but Anna Sivak's mother sleeps. Lukah stays in the car, leaving the marker lights on and the engine starts, while the other three throw bottles at the blacked out windows of the house. In the sound of breaking glass, the arson escapes within seconds.

While four adults and four children struggle to live in a burning house, and firefighters, ambulances and helicopters from the Ostrava hospital descend on the tragedy, the arsonists go to Opava. There they stop at Tomas Ondrzejka's to help them treat Vakulik, who was firing on the attack. Muller, Vakulik and Cojocaru go to their quarters, while Luke goes to Hell.

Five young guardsmen: Oleg Koshevoy, Lyuba Shevtsova, Semyon Ostapenko, Viktor Subbotin, Dmitry Ogurtsov were shot in February 1943 in the Gremyachy forest in Rovenki. All five were buried in the city square in the center of Rovenky. Now the Slava memorial complex has been built here, and an eternal flame has been lit.

Memorial "Unconquered".

In the morning, the servers are full of scary details about the consequences of their attack. While Luke again boasts to one of his friends that he is behind the attack, the others control the fear of being exposed. Vakulik starts speaking out loud in front of the other two attackers, which he considers "deleting" Luke.

Meanwhile, the North Moravian police are carefully investigating hundreds of people, expanding and narrowing down the list of potential arson criminals. Four months later, on a sharp August morning, police arrested twelve suspects, including four of the real attackers. Since then, the arsonists have not spoken.

Here, the Krasnodon underground took the last step - into immortality. In the novel “The Young Guard” we read: “The pile driver of mine No. 5, which had fallen sideways after the explosion, was already visible. The boys and girls sang the Internationale. They were all unloaded into the frozen bathhouse at the mine ... The gendarmes began to undress those who had good clothes and shoes.

It was after nine months of investigation that he began the strenuous process. A long listening session revealed that something was going on behind the predominantly stony faces. David Vakulik, who first served as an escort from the throne of the Ostrava remand prison, never condemned or refused psychological examination. Jaromir Lukes, the father of a three-year-old daughter, tried to tell police that he was only involved as a driver and did not know what was going on. On the other hand, Ivo Müller cooperated with the police from the very beginning and apologized several times to the victims of the arson.

They were taken out in small batches and dumped into the pit one by one. And everyone who could, managed to say those few words that he wanted to leave to the world.

On the snowy nights of January 15, 16, 31, 1943, the hearts of 71 patriots stopped beating.

Three times Krasnodon mourned his sons and daughters at the pit.

For the first time it was right after the liberation of the city, when mutilated, hardly recognizable corpses were raised from the pit of mine No. 5.

In 1947, a film expedition arrived in Krasnodon - at the film studio. Gorky S.A. Gerasimov filmed the film "Young Guard". The execution scene was filmed directly at the pit.

For the third time and forever, the tragedy of the pit was raised to the earth's surface with their imagination by sculptors and architects. We see, as it were, a section of the pit. The space is outlined by four pylons, against which the figures of dying heroes are depicted. For the 40th anniversary of the "Young Guard" the fire of glory is lit here.

People thanks to whom the world learned the truth about young heroes.

Alexander Fadeev immediately after his release came to Krasnodon, settled on Sadovaya Street, where Oleg Koshevoy lived during the years of occupation. Fadeev collected materials about the Young Guard, met with their relatives.

Sergei Gerasimov is a director who made a feature film.

Presentation "Young Guard" with comments.

What are your impressions of the film? Do you think the younger generation needs such films and books?

You and I learned the story of young people who lived in Krasnodon, but besides them there were hundreds, thousands of young men and women who brought victory closer both in the rear and at the fronts. To some, the motherland presented its highest award - the Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. Many of them received it posthumously. Remember their names.

Presentation "Hero of the Soviet Union".

We cannot list their noble names here,

So there are many of them under the eternal protection of granite.

But know, listening to these stones,

Nobody is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.

Let's honor the memory of the dead Komsomol members.

A moment of silence.

Literature

1. Fadeev A. Young Guard - Donetsk, 1985.

2. Nikitenko A. G. The Young Guards lived and fought here. - Donetsk "Donbass", 1984.

3. Timofeeva I. N. Grateful descendants remember. - Donetsk "Donbass", 1985.

5

COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL № 40

Enakievo

Reader's conference on the novel "The Young Guard"

"The alarm of war again knocks on our hearts"

The event was held by Maksimova T.A. together with the librarian of the library-branch No. 6 of the Enakievo CLS Yurchenko N.M.

2016

Target. To lay the foundation for the patriotic and national consciousness of students, love for their native land, for their small homeland. Develop an interest in the historical past. Raise patriotic pride in the past and present of the native land, for the people who lived and fought for the freedom and independence of Donbass. Form a spiritually developed personality.

slide 1

The song "It was in Krasnodon" sounds

Dear guys, this year we will celebrate the great holiday of the 71st anniversary of the Victory of our people in the Great Patriotic War. Today, on the eve of Fatherland Day, we are holding a reader's conference as part of this significant date.

We have read A. Fadeev's novel "The Young Guard". (showing novel)

SLIDE2

The novel is based on real events that took place in 1942-1943 in the Donbass, in the city of Krasnodon occupied by the Nazis. A heroic underground struggle was waged here. With arrests and executions, the Nazis tried to break the will and courage of the Soviet people. 32 Krasnodon miners were buried alive in the ground. But the struggle continued. And in September 1942. The secret Komsomol organization "Young Guard" was created. It is about this organization that A. Fadeev tells in his novel.

The Young Guards... These were not fictional fictional heroes, but cheerful boys and girls with childish flaws and pranks, who had just become boys and girls. But did they think about death, about heroism at such a price? After reading the novel, I'm sure each of us thought, with anxiety and vague hope: "Could we?" And, perhaps, their main feat is that they managed to grow up when the time came.

Today we will try to figure out what force forced young boys and girls to endure all the torments that the Nazis subjected them to and give their lives, without betraying their comrades, in the name of victory.

INTRODUCTION.

We get acquainted with the heroes of the novel at a time when the Germans invaded the Donbass and through Krasnodon from the territories occupied by the Germans were retreating Red Army units, evacuated organizations and enterprises andjust people

BUT The Nazis were getting closer and closer to Krasnodon. Shells and mines burst very close. Everything around was seized by the excitement of retreat and hasty evacuation.

- How many of you remember what question young boys and girls constantly ask each other in the first days of the German occupation? (How are you going to live?)

Let's remember what these young people were like in this difficult time before joining the organization. Here are some of them

slide 3

(PHOTO O Koshevoy) (2 students come out)

    Oleg Koshevoy.

1. Oleg Koshevoy studied at the largest Krasnodon school - named after Gorky _ located in the city park.

As soon as there was a direct threat to Voroshilovgrad, Oleg, hiding his intention from his mother for the first time, went to the district committee of the Komsomol and asked to be used in organizing underground groups, but he was advised to leave.

2. At his first appearance on the pages of the novel, Oleg stands before us in the tension of the struggle. “Huge bay horses, maddened, rushed over the trampled bread among people and carts, rearing up, snoring and splashing foam. Suddenly, a tall, broad-shouldered, blond-haired young man jumped off the britzka in front of him and rushed, it seemed, under the very horses. By this act, he saved, perhaps, more than one human life.

1. In the appearance of Koshevoy, the author emphasized his neatness many times. Oleg is always "neatly dressed, cleanly washed." His shoes are well polished. This external smartness, as it were, complements the outline of Oleg's internal composure and discipline.

2. Returning after an unsuccessful evacuation, Oleg, walking across the steppe, sometimes fell into thoughtfulness. And then he "walked silently next to the britzka, ... with a stubborn, still childlike fold of full lips, ... with eyes fixed on the distance, with a thoughtful, sternly tender expression."
This stroke of the portrait - "a sternly tender expression" - emphasizes the combination in Oleg's nature of youthful tenderness and the severity of a wrestler.

This is how he remembers his mother's hands ... ( read text pp. 55-57)

LEADING. (reading)

It was hard these days for those who left their native places, home, loved ones. But those who managed to get away from the Germans were already on their own, Soviet soil. How much harder it was for those who made every effort to get away from the German, and saw death in their face, and now wandered to their native places, which only yesterday were their own - wandered without food, without shelter, lost in spirit.

    At that moment, when Oleg and his comrades saw German tanks moving directly at them in the open bright steppe, their soul shuddered, for the first time facing death.

Oleg crossed the threshold of his home, occupied by the Germans.

    The wrestler's temperament had a dramatic effect on all Oleg's activities and in each of its individual episodes. Here is a wonderful scene of his fight with a batman, in which all of Koshevoy's ardent hatred for the occupying Germans erupted. Oleg's wit and courage, and the ardent protest from the sense of human dignity trampled in him, and the endless contempt for enemies

    An underground organization operated in Krasnodon.

Oleg and his comrades managed to establish contact with her, and they began to carry out the first tasks: they scattered leaflets, found out the amount of equipment from the Germans, and secretly listened to the radio.

1.. On the denunciation of a traitor, several communists were arrested. Komsomol members gathered for a meeting . (SCENE pp. 349-351)

2.Ulyana Gromova (PHOTO)
As a very young girl, she loved to lie on her back in the steppe and look at the sky. Over the years, the love for the native steppe with its hills, for the pictures of sunrise and sunset has grown and strengthened. Uli's love for nature, clear skies, trees, grass underfoot is one of the manifestations of her patriotism, her heartfelt love for the Motherland. How could Ulya not love her city Krasnodon? She herself planted the trees and bushes of the city park as a very young schoolgirl, together with her friends and schoolmates.

Tall, slender frame with a flexible and strong waist, long, strong, slender legs, oblong palms. Hair is black, coarsely curly at the temples, braided in heavy wavy braids. Uli's eyes - large, black beautiful eyes with long eyelashes. This is a portrait of Ulyana Gromova.

Ulya graduated from school in the spring of 1942 at the Pervomaisky mine.

(SCENE p. 7)

LEADING.(reading)

Since the time of the great migration of peoples, the Donetsk steppe has not seen such a movement of the masses of people as in the July days of 1942. Retreating units of the Red Army, orphanages, herds of cattle, trucks, refugees walked along highways, dirt roads and right across the steppe under the scorching sun with their wagon trains, artillery, either in columns or randomly, pushing wheelbarrows with things and children on knots in front of them. . Everyone converged on the crossing over the Donets, where at the ferries and pontoon bridges they were subjected to enemy air bombardment.

And it was in this stream that the village cart harnessed by two good horses, on which Ulya rode along with other May Day people, fell.

The war threw Ulya out of the usual rut and marked the beginning of a new stage in her life, as well as in the life of her friends and comrades.

The question arose about evacuation. It is necessary to leave dear old and sick parents who love their daughter very much. The author very vividly draws the hesitation, the struggle of contradictions in Uli's soul. She gets in the mood: to decide nothing, to do nothing, to escape from the terrible reality into her hut, to hide in it together with loved ones. But life and the Komsomol conscience imperiously demand other solutions.
She matures, becomes able to make independent decisions.
During the evacuation, Ole had to witness the painful death of Soviet people from a bomb explosion. . (read page 110)

The sensitive and kind heart of the girl bleeds. The impressions of the war, the suffering of people, the pictures of horror and destruction make Ulya grow up even more.

3. Ivan Zemnukhov. (PHOTO)

Vanya Zemnukhov - a young man "long, awkward, round-shouldered. He had long arms, a pale face, long straight dark hair." In addition, he was clearly shy.
Inspiration, a steady and clear light burning tirelessly in Vanya's soul, is the main feature of the spiritual appearance of this young man. It is reflected in his face. After a conversation with Klava, "That inspiration, which, like coals under the ashes, glimmered in his soul, now, like a flame, illuminated his extraordinary face, but neither Klava nor any of the people saw his face now that it had become so beautiful" ( 73).
Clever, serious, well-read Vanya was nicknamed the professor by his schoolmates. This intelligent young man, greedy for knowledge, passionately loves poetry. Near his bed "there was a bookcase with books, among which the main place was occupied by the collected works of Pushkin" Vanya writes himself.

Ivan has a sense of responsibility.

He did not immediately leave the city, along with the law courses where he studied this summer, he refused to evacuate with Oleg, because he considered it his duty to help others leave: orphanage, schools, hospital, found transport, loaded things and equipment.

Like all his comrades, not having time to evacuate, he returned to the city.

4. Sergey Tyulenin. (A PHOTO)

It was a thirst for heroic activity, which is the main character trait of Tyulenin.
The life story of Serezha Tyulenin draws before us a nimble boy from a working mining family. Life does not spoil Seryozha. He is the eleventh child in the family Page 125 read out .

Seryozha is fascinated and ignited by books that tell about wonderful travels, discoveries, flights to the moon, about the heroic struggle for the conquest of nature. He reads with delight about the exploits of people in the war. His admiration is caused by such people as Frunze, Voroshilov, Ordzhonikidze, Kirov.
From the very first day of the arrival of the Germans in Krasnodon, Seryozha felt himself in the grip of a single idea - the idea of ​​\u200b\u200ban tireless, continuous, mortal struggle against a hated enemy. Seryozha, on his own initiative, blows up the building of the trust, which housed the German headquarters. Looking at the flaming trust, "Seryozha felt that his heart was expanding and flying." He places the wounded in apartments, collects weapons in the fields, hides bottles in an incendiary mixture. When he tries to enter a military school for pilots, he is not accepted, because. still young. He goes to the construction of defensive structures in front of Voroshilovgrad. And with what perseverance this boy rushes to the front line of fire! "You will be lost," sister Nadya tells him fearfully. “Better to perish than to lick their boots or smoke the sky just like that,” Seryozha replies.

Together with Oleg Koshev, “they draw up a plan of action: to look closely at the youth, take into account the most faithful, steadfast, ready to work, find out who is arrested in the city, find an opportunity to help them, and by all means scout among the German soldiers about all the activities of their command.”

5. Lyubov Shevtsova (PHOTO)

Lyuba studied at the Voroshilov school, but left school before the war, having finished 7 classes: she decided to become an artist and performed in theaters and clubs of the region with songs and dances.
The portrait of Lyuba Shevtsova is often given as if penetrated by light, illuminated by the sun. "The morning sun shone in her hair ... And the bright dress so deftly clasped her waist and so easily, airy hugged her slender full legs ... the whole girl radiated a feeling of something unusually natural, mobile, light, airy"
The main thing in the character of Lyuba Shevtsova is the thirst for active goodness, the need for immediate and active intervention in life.
"...just a little girl, she was a doctor." Six-year-old Lyuba "bandaged her father and mother, and all her acquaintances, adults and children, and all dogs and cats."

Lyuba is a richly gifted person by nature. She did well in school. She did everything smartly and cheerfully. This is a courageous nature. Even as a child, Lyuba wanted to be Chapaev. When she grew up, courage was formed in her into one of the main character traits. If in childhood this trait was expressed in the fact that Lyubka "fought with the boys to the bitter end", then in her youth she resulted in the accomplishment of great patriotic deeds.

Lyubov Shevtsova was placed at the disposal of the partisan headquarters for use behind enemy lines. She was finishing military paramedic courses and was about to go to the front, but she was transferred to radio operator courses in the same place, in Voroshilovgrad.

When the Germans came, she became a liaison of the Krasnodon communists with the regional party committee

The second part

Slide 7

The most important communications of the German army now passed through the Voroshilovgrad region. Everything, absolutely everything that was created by the Soviet underground was aimed at ensuring that there, hundreds and hundreds of kilometers from the Donbass, the great battle for Stalingrad was won.

(5 students come out at once and read the oath ...)

Slide 8

THE OATH

I, Oleg Koshevoy, joining the ranks of the members of the Young Guard, in the face of my friends in arms, in the face of my long-suffering native land, in the face of all the people, I solemnly swear ...

I, Ulyana Gromova, joining the ranks of the Young Guard…

I am Ivan Zemnukhov….

I am Sergey Tyulenin...

I, Lyubov Shevtsova...

LEADING

No wonder they swore before the face of the whole people. The words of the oath bound them tightly. Fadeev writes that “yesterday they were just schoolchildren, school mates, careless and mischievous. But from the day they took the oath, each of them seemed to say goodbye to his former self. The eldest of those who took the oath was 19 years old. And the inspirer and organizer is only 16.

Slide 9

At first the organization was small. It included 30 people.
And by the end of September 1942, the Young Guard organization had grown into a large organization branched out throughout the Krasnodon region. It had over a hundred members. "And even more than that, she had assistants" The main task was to carry out sabotage on the roads of the region. vehicles with German officers. The second group... attacked tank cars: they destroyed drivers and guards, and gasoline released "the ground ... The third group... detained German trucks with weapons, food, uniforms and hunted for ... stray German soldiers...
The soul and central figure of the entire organization was Oleg Koshevoy. At the head of the "Young Guard" was the headquarters, through whose members Oleg kept in touch with the leaders of the fives. The organization in the village of Krasnodon was headed by Kolya Sumskoy. Ulya Gromova and Anatoly Popov were the soul of the organization at Pervomayka. Nina Ivantsova worked as a liaison from the headquarters. At the Pervomaisky mine, the Young Guards installed their own radio receiver, through which they received operational reports from the Soviet information bureau. Young underground workers created their own secret printing house, which produced information bureau reports and leaflets.

Carefully prepared for the first task of distributing leaflets. This was the first event through which the population was supposed to learn about the existence of the "Young Guard". Leaflets were pasted up and scattered in front of the police . (we read the text of the leaflet page 39

and people reading leaflets.

At one of the meetings of the headquarters, Sergei Tyulenin proposed to deal with Ignat Fomin. “This Judas betrayed two of our people to the Germans, and we still don’t know how many of our miners lie on his black conscience! I propose to kill him." A policeman was hung on the gates of the park, a note was pinned to his chest: “This is how we will deal with all traitors to our people.”
The big business of the Young Guard was the collection and storage of weapons. "Walking" in the steppe, they collected cartridges, grenades, guns, revolvers, rifles. They stole weapons from German and Romanian soldiers and officers who stopped to wait. Now all the Young Guard youths had weapons, and the excess was hidden in a secret warehouse, the location of which S Tyulenin knew.

The headquarters instructed the May Day group, led by Ulya Gromova, to release the prisoners of war who worked in the forestry on the farm for the first serious test. At night, prisoners of war were driven into a barracks, surrounded by bars, they were guarded by sentries. The guys removed the sentry, bit through the wire fence and freed the people.

Slide 10

The Germans dominated the city for about three months. The 25th anniversary of the Great October Revolution was approaching. On the eve of the holiday, the headquarters of the Young Guard issued financial assistance to some families of front-line soldiers who were in distress. The Young Guard showed in their activities a huge initiative, resourcefulness, absolutely incredible courage. Over the occupied city, over the German dominance, on the morning of November 7, red flags fluttered on the building of the school, the district executive committee, and mines. Victorious red flags renewed the spirit of the tormented people

. "Kaleria Alexandrovna ... looked at the flags with an expression of ecstasy on her face. Tears ran in streams down her thin dark cheeks ... Marusya!" she said, "this is done for us, Soviet people. They remember us, we are not forgotten by ours" “People from all over the city flocked to look at the flags. Whole crowds gathered near the buildings. Gendarmes and policemen knocked down, dispersing the people, but none of them dared to remove the flags: at the foot of each flag was attached a piece of cloth with a black inscription: “MINED "". The goal of the Young Guard was achieved. The flags told our people that the forces of the Soviet land were alive and mighty, that these forces were operating and moving towards victory. "The rumor about the red flags hung out in Krasnodon ... went through all cities and towns of the Donetsk basin" (438).

“In the second half of November ... it became known that the Germans were driving a large herd of cattle to the rear from the Rostov region, one and a half thousand heads ... with the herd, in addition to shepherds - Ukrainians from the Don, there was a guard armed with rifles. On the same night, as it became known, the groups of Tyulenin, Petrov and Moshkov, armed with rifles and machine guns, concentrated in a wooded beam ... "They shot down the German soldiers guarding the herd, then partly dispersed, partly shot cows and sheep so that the Germans would not get it.
Ulya Gromova, on behalf of the headquarters of the Young Guard, was in charge of all the work against the recruitment and deportation of young people to Germany. She issued leaflets, and sometimes hid in the farms those who were threatened with theft. But still, the Germans were able to steal more than 800 people to Germany. Ulya learned that the Germans had prepared a secret list for another fifteen hundred. She proposes to burn the stock exchange where these lists are stored.

slide 11

This is one of the most fantastic things done by Seryozhka Tyulenin and Lyubka Shevtsova .(read page 148)

.Slide 12
The Young Guards obtained permission to open a club, ostensibly for the cultural service of the population in the spirit of the "new order". The club in the hands of the "Young Guard" could serve as a good screen for all the activities of the organization. And on December 19, 1942, this young people held their first pop evening in the newly opened ball, which was attended by all the largest representatives of the German city authorities. The stage was closed with a "curtain" decorated throughout the field with the arms of the USSR with a sickle and a hammer "(463). Volodya Osmukhin, performing parodies of gypsy romances," sang, referring mainly to the portrait of the Fuhrer: "Oh, tell me, tell me, vagabond ... Oh, and you will soon get what you deserve "(464). And at the same time, Oleg received a message about the great offensive of the Soviet troops ...
slide 12

The third part
LEADING

Krasnodontsy fought in the ranks of the "Young Guard" for five months. "Five months under the rule of the Germans ... How much they knew the high and terrible, good and black, how much they invested the bright, beautiful forces of their souls in the common cause and in each other" Having mentally and morally strengthened, they actively fought for the triumph of justice, goodness and truth on the ground. . Endlessly hating the Nazis, they are ready to go and courageously go to the end in a terrible struggle against them.

Vanya Zemnukhov was taken at dawn.

So the first young guards were arrested.

There was a meeting at headquarters...

slide 13

SCENE AT HEADQUARTERS

And Stakhovich could not stand it. pp. 228-229 to read.

After another confession of Stakhovich, more and more new members of the organization were arrested.

Let's read some episodes that show the courage and heroism of the Young Guard in response to the cruelty and brutality of the Nazis.

slide 14 slide 16

Page 239, 250, 252.283, 290(Oleg), 286-290

Slide "ETERNAL FIRE" MUSIC ...

Students read one at a time.

Valya Borts, . Nina Ivantsova, Tolya Orlov, Ivan Turkenich - lieutenant of the Red Army, commander of the "Young Guard" Viktor Petrov, Lily Ivanikhina, Radik Yurkin, Viktor Lukyanchenko, Volodya Osmukhin ...

The last slide, and a verse sounds in the background of the music.

We were big like time

We were alive like time.

Now - we are in the legends of glorious days,

Now - we are in granite and bronze,

Now - we are in poems and prose,

Now - we are in the silence of the gravestones ..

Thanks for the memory, descendants,

Thank you for your loyalty, descendants,

Thank you for the glowing dawn.

No wonder we laughed at death,

No wonder our tears and rage,

Not in vain our songs and oaths are not in vain.

And you stay alive

Live well and live long.

We know your path is not easy.

And you are our continuation,

And you are our comfort

And you are our memory and our dream.

And now, our dear listeners and viewers, let's talk to you.

Did you like the novel?

What were the Young Guards like?

Guys, we had a lot of partisans and underground fighters in the Donbass. Fadeev made the Young Guards known to the whole world.