Understanding the love of Oblomov and Stolz table. Love, family and other eternal values ​​in the perception of Oblomov and Stolz are a document. An essay on the topic of Oblomov and Stolz a comparative description in the novel by Oblomov Goncharov read for free

I love the writer I.A. Goncharov, the author of three famous novels with the letter "O". In a way, he is my teacher. I like the psychology of his stories. The love with which he describes his characters. Sometimes, the subtlest sense of humor. Wisdom and observation. But most of all I learn from him... kindness. Kindness and full acceptance of human characteristics. Without condemnation, humiliating comparison, with paternal love and compassion. It's great when an author writes like this! Perhaps that is why I so want to return to his images, and find answers to my questions in their behavior ...

The novel "Oblomov" fell in love with me at school. This is the merit of our teacher, who, on the eve of studying the work, called her parents to allow the children to see its film adaptation. The film was on the night air, and I patiently watched TV until half past one. But then I gave up, and read the novel already with enthusiasm. I was curious to see how it would end... :)

In high school, we wrote comparative characteristics - Oblomov and Stolz, Oblomov and Olga ... After all, teachers cannot do without comparison. They really want their children to learn to think independently, to choose the best. And I also critically compared, chose. Of course, I did not like Oblomov lying lazily on the sofa. Stoltz seemed too pedantic. Olga is proud. I wanted all the characters in the novel to be perfect. But none of the teachers told us then that this imperfection has its own beauty. And its possible perfection...

Last year I opened Oblomov with a single purpose. I wanted to know which way is better. A familiar priest wrote that since ancient times two spiritual paths have been recognized in Christianity - the active and the contemplative. The active in me was more than enough, and the contemplative then seemed unknown and therefore attracted. And, I don’t know why myself, I decided that the expressive characters of Oblomov and Stolz would give me a hint.

But, when I started reading, the living images of the characters captured me with my head and carried me away. I fell in love and felt each of them separately. And quite differently than in her youth, she experienced the drama of their relationship. I discovered a lot of beauty, touchingness and wonder in them...

I guess over time I become more contemplative. Because it does not always seem appropriate to me now to analyze and compare how we were taught at school. I just liked to admire. Just re-read consonant fragments of books as they are, and dissolve in their language, atmosphere, spirit... Where I am, where I am not - the boundaries are erased. Enjoying beauty, wisdom, high example - this is the answer ...

And I want to share this beauty with you, my friends. In the next few journal entries, I will post the most interesting and “delicious” (in my personal opinion) fragments of Oblomov. I hope that at least a small part of my pleasure will touch your hearts. Or maybe someone will add a desire to re-read the Russian classics.

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Family life Olga and Stolz

“Years passed, and they did not get tired of living. There was silence, and the impulses subsided; the curvatures of life became clear, they endured patiently and cheerfully, but life still did not stop with them.

Olga was already brought up to a strict understanding of life; two existences, hers and Andrey's, merged into one channel; there could be no revelry of wild passions: they had everything in harmony and silence.

It would seem to fall asleep in this well-deserved peace and be blissful, as the inhabitants of lulls are blissful, converging three times a day, yawning during ordinary conversation, falling into a dull drowsiness, languishing from morning to evening, that everything has been rethought, negotiated and redone, that there is nothing more to say and to do and that "such is life in the world."

Outside and they did everything, like the others. They got up, although not at dawn, but early; they liked to sit for a long time over tea, sometimes even as if they were lazily silent, then they dispersed to their corners or worked together, dined, went to the fields, played music ... like everyone else, as Oblomov dreamed ...

Only there was no drowsiness, despondency with them; they spent their days without boredom and apathy; there was no languid look, no word; the conversation did not end with them, it was often hot.

And their silence was - sometimes thoughtful happiness, which Oblomov used to dream of alone, or mental work alone on the endless material given to each other ...

Often they plunged into silent wonder at the ever new and shining beauty of nature. Their sensitive souls could not get used to this beauty: earth, sky, sea - everything awakened their feeling, and they silently sat side by side, looked with one eye and one soul at this creative brilliance and understood each other without words.

They did not greet the morning with indifference; could not stupidly plunge into the dusk of a warm, starry, southern night. They were awakened by the eternal movement of thought, the eternal irritation of the soul and the need to think together, feel, speak! ..

But what was the subject of these heated debates, quiet conversations, readings, long walks?

The question of what he would do in family life had already subsided, resolved itself. He had to devote her even to his working, business life, because in life without movement she was suffocating, as if without air.

Any construction, affairs on her own or Oblomov's estate, company operations - nothing was done without her knowledge or participation. Not a single letter was sent without being read to her, no thought, much less fulfillment, passed her by; she knew everything, and everything interested her because it interested him.

At first he did this because it was impossible to hide from her: a letter was written, a conversation was going on with an attorney, with some contractors - in front of her, in front of her; then he began to continue it out of habit, and finally it turned into a necessity for him too.

Her remark, advice, approval or disapproval became an inevitable verification for him: he saw that she understands exactly the same as he, thinks, reasons no worse than him ... Zakhar was offended by this ability in his wife, and many are offended - and Stolz was happy!

And reading, and learning - the eternal nourishment of thought, its endless development! Olga was jealous of every book, magazine article not shown to her, not jokingly getting angry or offended when he did not deign to show her something, in his opinion, too serious, boring, incomprehensible to her, called it pedantry, vulgarity, backwardness, scolded him " old German wig. Lively, irritable scenes took place between them on this occasion.

She was angry, and he laughed, she was even more angry and only then reconciled when he stopped joking and shared his thought, knowledge or reading with her. It ended with the fact that everything that he needed or wanted to know, read to him, she also needed.

He did not impose on her scientific technique, so that later, with the most stupid of boastfulness, he would be proud of his "learned wife." If a single word escaped her speech, even a hint of this claim, he would blush more than when she answered with a dull look of ignorance at an ordinary question in the field of knowledge, but not yet accessible to women's modern education. He only wanted, and she twice as much, that there was nothing inaccessible - not to knowledge, but to her understanding.

He did not draw tables and numbers for her, but he talked about everything, read a lot, without pedantically running around and any economic theory, social or philosophical questions, he spoke with enthusiasm, passion: he seemed to draw her an endless, living picture of knowledge. After that, the details disappeared from her memory, but the drawing never smoothed out in the receptive mind, the colors did not disappear and the fire with which it illuminated the cosmos created by her did not go out.

He will tremble with pride and happiness when he notices how later a spark of this fire shines in her eyes, how the echo of the thought transmitted to her sounds in her speech, how this thought entered her consciousness and understanding, was processed in her mind and looks out of her words, not dry and harsh, but with a gleam of feminine grace, and especially if some fruitful drop from everything said, read, drawn, fell like a pearl into the bright bottom of her life.

As a thinker and as an artist, he weaved a rational existence for her, and never before in his life had he been absorbed so deeply, neither at the time of learning, nor in those hard days when he struggled with life, got out of its twists and turns and grew stronger, tempering himself in the experiments of masculinity, as now, coddling with this unceasing, volcanic work of the spirit of his girlfriend!

How happy I am! - Stolz said to himself and dreamed in his own way, running ahead when the honeymoon years of marriage pass.

In the distance he smiled again new look, not the selfish Olga, not a passionately loving wife, not a mother-nanny, who then withers away in a colorless, useless life, but something else, high, almost unprecedented ...

He dreamed of a creator mother and a participant in the moral and social life of a whole happy generation.

He fearfully wondered if she would have enough will and strength ... and hurriedly helped her to conquer life for herself, to develop a reserve of courage for the battle with life - now precisely, while they are both young and strong, while life spared them or her blows did not seem heavy while sorrow drowned in love.

Love, family and other eternal values ​​in the perception of Oblomov and Stolz

The friendship between such dissimilar people as Ilya Oblomov and Andrey Stolz is amazing. They've been friends since early childhood, and yet they have so little in common! One of them is surprisingly lazy, ready to spend his whole life on the couch. The other, on the contrary, is active and active. Andrey from a young age knows for sure what he would like to achieve in life. Ilya Oblomov did not encounter problems in childhood and adolescence. In part, this calm, easy life, along with an overly soft character, turned out to be the reason that Oblomov gradually became more and more inert.

Andrei Stoltz had a completely different childhood. From a young age, he saw how hard his father's life was and how much effort was required to "push off the bottom and emerge", that is, to earn a decent social status, capital. But the difficulties not only did not frighten him, but, on the contrary, made him stronger. As he grew older, the character of Andrei Stolz became more and more solid. Stolz knows well that only in constant struggle can he find his happiness.

The main human values ​​for him are work, the opportunity to build a prosperous and happy life for himself. As a result, Stoltz gets everything that he dreamed about in his distant youth. He becomes a rich and respected person, wins the love of such an outstanding and unlike other girl as Olga Ilyinskaya. Stolz cannot stand inaction, he would never have been attracted to such a life, which seems to be the height of happiness for Oblomov.

But is Stolz so perfect compared to Oblomov? Yes, he is the embodiment of activity, movement, rationalism. But it is precisely this rationalism that leads him to the abyss. Stolz receives Olga, organizes their life at his own discretion and will, they live according to the principle of reason. But is Olga happy with Stolz? No. Stolz lacks the heart that Oblomov had. And if in the first part of the novel Stolz's rationality is affirmed as a denial of Oblomov's laziness, then in the last part the author is more and more on the side of Oblomov with his "heart of gold".

Oblomov cannot understand the meaning of human fuss, the constant desire to do something and achieve something. He was disillusioned with such a life. Oblomov often recalls his childhood, when he lived in the countryside with his parents. Life there flowed smoothly and monotonously, not shaken by any noteworthy events. Such calmness seems to Oblomov the ultimate dream.

In the mind of Oblomov there are no specific aspirations regarding the arrangement of his own existence. If he has plans for transformations in the countryside, then these plans very soon turn into a series of next fruitless dreams. Oblomov resists Olga's intentions to make a completely different person out of him, because this is contrary to his own life goals. And the very unwillingness of Oblomov to connect his life with Olga suggests that he understands deep down: family life with her will not bring him peace and will not allow him to selflessly indulge in his beloved work, that is, absolute inaction. But at the same time, Oblomov, this dove, has a "heart of gold." He loves with his heart, not with his mind, his love for Olga is sublime, enthusiastic, ideal. Oblomov goes with the flow and becomes Agafya's husband, because this fait accompli does not threaten his comfortable and peaceful existence.

Such a family life does not frighten Oblomov; Agafya's attitude towards him fits perfectly into his ideas about happiness. Now he can continue to do nothing, degrading more and more. Agafya takes care of him, being ideal wife for Oblomov. Gradually, he ceases even to dream, his existence is almost completely likened to a vegetable one. However, this does not frighten him at all, moreover, he is happy in his own way.

Thus, Goncharov in his novel does not condemn either Oblomov or Stolz, but he does not idealize either of them. He just wants to show different views on the moral and spiritual values ​​of two opposite people. At the same time, the author says that a rational attitude to life, feelings (Stolz) impoverishes a person no less than boundless daydreaming (Oblomov).

I. A. Goncharov worked on the novel Oblomov for ten years. In this (best!) work, the author expressed his convictions and hopes; he displayed those problems of contemporary life that worried and deeply hurt him, revealed the causes of these problems. Therefore, the image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Ivanovich Stolz acquired typical features, and the very word "Oblomovism" began to express a quite definite, almost philosophical concept. One cannot exclude the image of Olga Sergeevna Ilyinskaya, without which the characters of men would not have been fully illuminated.

To understand the character of a person, the motives of his actions, you need to turn to the origins of personality formation: childhood, upbringing, environment, and finally, to the education received.

In Ilyusha, it seems, the strength of all the generations of his ancestors was concentrated; he felt the makings of a man of the new time, capable of fruitful activity. But Ilya's aspirations to explore the world on his own were stopped by the nanny who kept her eyes on him, from whose supervision he escaped only during the afternoon nap, when all living things in the house, except for Ilya, fell asleep. “It was some kind of all-consuming, invincible dream, a true likeness of death.”

An attentive child observes everything that is done in the house, “saturates the soft mind with living examples and unconsciously draws a program of his life for the life around him”, the “main concern of life” of which is good food, and then - sound sleep.

The quiet course of life was disturbed only sometimes by "diseases, losses, quarrels and, among other things, labor." Labor was the main enemy of the inhabitants of Oblomovka, a punishment imposed "on our forefathers." In Oblomovka, they always got rid of work at the opportunity, “finding it possible and proper.” Such an attitude to work was brought up in Ilya Ilyich, who adopted a ready-made standard of life, passed down from generation to generation without changes. The ideal of inaction was reinforced in the child's imagination by nurse's tales about "Emel the Fool" receiving various gifts from a magic pike, and undeserved ones at that. Fairy tales penetrate deeply into the consciousness of Ilya, and he, being already an adult, "unconsciously sad sometimes, why a fairy tale is not life, and life is not a fairy tale."

The desire for independence, young energy was stopped by the friendly cries of the parents: “What about the servants?” Soon, Ilya himself realized that ordering was calmer and more convenient. A dexterous, mobile child is constantly stopped by parents and a nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold, he was cherished like a hothouse flower. "Seeking manifestations of power turned inward and drooped, withering."

In such conditions, an apathetic, lazy, difficult to rise nature of Ilya Ilyich developed. He was surrounded by the excessive cares of his mother, who made sure that the child ate well, did not overwork on learning from Stolz, and was ready, under any, even the most insignificant pretext, not to let Ilyushenka go to the German. She believed that education was not such an important thing, for which you need to lose weight, lose your blush and skip the holidays. But still, Oblomov's parents understood the need for education, but they saw in it only a means for career advancement: they began to receive ranks, awards at that time "nothing but through learning." Parents wanted to give Ilyusha all the benefits "somehow cheaper, with various tricks."

The cares of the mother had a detrimental effect on Ilya: he did not get used to systematic studies, he never wanted to learn more than the teacher asked.

A peer and friend of Oblomov, Andrei Ivanovich Stolz, loved Ilya, tried to stir him up, instill an interest in self-education, set him up for activities that he himself was passionate about, to which he was disposed, because he was brought up in completely different conditions.

Andrei's father, a German, gave him the upbringing that he received from his father, that is, he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent his son who had graduated from the university away from him, as his father had done with him in his time. But the rough burgher upbringing of the father constantly came into contact with the tender, affectionate love of the mother, a Russian noblewoman, who did not contradict her husband, but quietly raised her son in her own way: “... taught him to listen to the thoughtful sounds of Hertz, sang to him about flowers, about the poetry of life , whispered about the brilliant vocation of either a warrior or a writer ... "The neighborhood of Oblomovka with its" primitive laziness, simplicity of morals, silence and immobility "and princely" with a wide expanse of aristocratic life "also prevented Ivan Bogdanovich Stolz from making the son of the same burgher, what he was. The breath of Russian life "takes Andrey away from the straight line drawn by his father." But still, Andrei adopted from his father a serious outlook on life (even on all its little things) and pragmatism, which he tried to balance "with the subtle needs of the spirit."

Stoltz kept all emotions, deeds and actions under the “never dormant control” of the mind and spent strictly “according to the budget”. He considered himself the cause of all his misfortunes and sufferings, he “did not hang guilt and responsibility, like a caftan, on someone else’s nail”, unlike Oblomov, who did not find the strength to plead guilty to his troubles, to the worthlessness of his barren life: “. .. burning reproaches of conscience stinged him, and he tried with all his might ... to find the guilty one outside of himself and turn their sting on him, but on whom?

The search turned out to be useless, because the reason for the ruined life of Oblomov is himself. It was very painful for him to realize this, since he "painfully felt that some good, bright beginning was buried in him, as in a grave, perhaps now already dead ...". Oblomov was tormented by doubts about the correctness and necessity of his life. However, over the years, excitement and repentance appeared less frequently, and he quietly and gradually fit into the simple and wide coffin of the rest of his existence, made with my own hands...».

The attitude of Stolz and Oblomov to the imagination, which has two opposite incarnations, is different: "... a friend - the less you believe him, and an enemy - when you fall asleep trustingly under his sweet whisper." The latter happened to Oblomov. Imagination was a favorite companion of his life, only in his dreams did he embody the rich, deeply buried abilities of his "golden" soul.

Stolz did not give free rein to the imagination and was afraid of any dream, she "had no place in his soul"; he rejected everything that "was not subjected to the analysis of experience, practical truth", or accepted it behind"a fact which the turn of experience has not yet reached." Andrei Ivanovich persistently "walked towards his goal", he put such persistence above all else: "... it was a sign of character in his eyes." He only then retreated "from the task when a wall arose in his way or an impenetrable abyss opened up." He soberly assessed his strength and departed, not paying attention to the opinions of others.

Oblomov was afraid of any difficulties, he was too lazy to make even the slightest effort to solve not great, but the most pressing problems. He found consolation in his favorite “conciliatory and soothing” words “maybe”, “maybe” and “somehow” and protected himself from misfortunes with them. He was ready to shift the case to anyone, not caring about its outcome and the decency of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the swindlers who robbed his estate). Like a pure, naive child, Ilya Ilyich did not even allow the thought of the possibility of deception; elementary prudence, not to mention practicality, was completely absent in Oblomov's nature.

Ilya Ilyich's attitude to work has already been mentioned. He, like his parents, in every possible way avoided labor, which in his view was synonymous with boredom, and all the efforts of Stolz, for whom “labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life”, to move Ilya Ilyich to any activity were in vain, the matter did not go beyond words. Figuratively speaking, the cart stood on square wheels. She needed constant pushes of a fair amount of force to move. Stolz quickly got tired (“you are messing around like a drunkard”), this activity was also disappointing for Olga Ilyinskaya, through love for which many aspects of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz are revealed.

Introducing Ilya Ilyich to Olga, Stoltz wanted to “bring into Oblomov’s sleepy life the presence of a young, pretty, intelligent, lively and partly mocking woman,” who could awaken Ilya to life, illuminate his dim existence. But Stolz "did not foresee that he was bringing in fireworks, Olga and Oblomov - and even more so."

Love for Olga changed Ilya Ilyich. At Olga's request, he gave up many of his habits: he did not lie on the couch, did not overeat, he traveled from the dacha to the city to fulfill her instructions. But finally enter into new life couldn't. “To go forward means to suddenly throw off a wide robe not only from the shoulders, but from the soul, from the mind; together with dust and cobwebs from the walls, sweep the cobwebs from your eyes and see clearly! And Oblomov was afraid of storms and changes, he absorbed the fear of the new with his mother's milk, in comparison with. which, however, went ahead (Ilya Ilyich already rejected “the only use of capital is to keep them in a chest”, realizing that “it is the duty of every citizen to maintain the general welfare by honest work”), but achieved little, given his abilities.

He was tired of Olga's restless, active nature, and therefore Oblomov dreamed that she would calm down and quietly, sleepily vegetate with him, "crawling from one day to another." Realizing that Olga would never agree to this, Ilya decides to part with her. The break with Olga meant for Oblomov a return to old habits, a final spiritual fall. In life with Wheat, Ilya Ilyich found a pale reflection of his dreams and "decided that the ideal of his life had come true, although without poetry ...".

Having put a lot of effort into awakening in Oblomov a craving for activity, Olga soon becomes convinced, in the words of Dobrolyubov, “in his decisive rubbishness,” that is, in his inability to spiritual transformation, and leaves him.

After going through love and disappointment, Olga began to take her feelings more seriously, she grew so morally that Stoltz did not recognize her when they met a year later, and suffered for a long time, trying to unravel the cause of the dramatic changes in Olga.

Introduction

Goncharov's work "Oblomov" is a socio-psychological novel built on the literary method of antithesis. The principle of opposition can be traced both when comparing the characters of the main characters, and their basic values ​​and life path. Comparison of the way of life of Oblomov and Stolz in the novel "Oblomov" allows us to better understand the ideological intent of the work, to understand the reasons for the tragedy of the fates of both heroes.

Features of the lifestyle of heroes

The central character of the novel is Oblomov. Ilya Ilyich is afraid of life's difficulties, does not want to do or decide anything. Any difficulty and the need to act cause sadness in the hero and plunge him even more into an apathetic state. That is why Oblomov, after the first failure in the service, no longer wanted to try his hand at a career field and took refuge from the outside world on his favorite sofa, trying not only not to leave the house, but not even get out of bed unless absolutely necessary. The way of life of Ilya Ilyich is similar to a slow dying - both spiritual and physical. The personality of the hero is gradually degrading, and he himself is completely immersed in illusions and dreams that are not destined to come true.

Stolz, on the contrary, is spurred on by difficulties, any mistake for him is just an excuse to move on, achieving more. Andrei Ivanovich is in constant motion - business trips, meetings with friends and social evenings are an integral part of his life. Stolz looks at the world soberly and rationally, there are no surprises, illusions and strong shocks in his life, because he calculated everything in advance and understands what to expect in each specific situation.

The lifestyle of heroes and their childhood

The development and formation of the images of Oblomov and Stolz is shown by the author from the very early years heroes. Their childhood, youthful and mature years proceed differently, they are instilled with different values ​​and life orientations, which only emphasizes the dissimilarity of the characters.

Oblomov grew like a greenhouse plant, fenced off from the possible influences of the outside world. Parents spoiled little Ilya in every possible way, indulged his desires, were ready to do everything to make their son happy and satisfied. The very atmosphere of Oblomovka, the hero's native estate, requires special attention. Slow, lazy and poorly educated villagers considered work to be something like a punishment. Therefore, they tried in every possible way to avoid it, and if they had to work, they worked reluctantly, without any inspiration or desire. Naturally, this could not but affect Oblomov, who from an early age absorbed the love of an idle life, absolute idleness, when Zakhar can always do everything for you - as lazy and slow as his master. Even when Ilya Ilyich finds himself in a new, urban environment, he does not want to change his lifestyle and start working intensively. Oblomov simply closes himself off from the outside world and creates in his imagination a certain idealized prototype of Oblomovka, in which he continues to “live”.

Stolz's childhood goes differently, which is primarily due to the roots of the hero - a strict German father tried to raise a worthy bourgeois from his son, who could achieve everything in life on his own, without fear of any work. The refined mother of Andrei Ivanovich, on the contrary, wanted her son to achieve a brilliant secular reputation in society, so from an early age she instilled in him a love of books and arts. All this, as well as the evenings and receptions regularly held at the Stoltsev estate, influenced little Andrey, forming an extroverted, educated and purposeful personality. The hero was interested in everything new, he knew how to confidently move forward, therefore, after graduating from the university, he easily took his place in society, becoming an indispensable person for many. Unlike Oblomov, who perceived any activity as an aggravating necessity (even university studies or reading a long book), for Stolz his activity was an impulse for further personal, social and career development.

Similarities and differences in the lifestyle of heroes

If the differences in the lifestyles of Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolz are noticeable and obvious almost immediately, correlating respectively as a passive, leading to degradation lifestyle and an active one, aimed at comprehensive development, then their similarity is visible only after detailed analysis characters. Both heroes are "superfluous" people for their era, they both do not live in the present, and therefore are in constant search of themselves and their true happiness. The introverted, slow Oblomov clings with all his might to his past, to the "heavenly", idealized Oblomovka - a place where he will always feel good and calm.

Stoltz, on the other hand, strives exclusively for the future. He perceives his past as a valuable experience and does not try to cling to it. Even their friendship with Oblomov is full of unrealizable plans for the future - about how you can transform the life of Ilya Ilyich, make it more vivid and real. Stolz is always one step ahead, so it is difficult for him to be an ideal husband for Olga (however, Oblomov's "extra" nature in the novel also becomes an obstacle to developing relations with Olga).

Such isolation from others and inner loneliness, which Oblomov fills with illusions, and Stolz with thoughts of work and self-improvement, become the basis of their friendship. The characters unconsciously see in each other the ideal of their own existence, while completely denying the lifestyle of their friend, considering it either too active and saturated (Oblomov was upset even by the fact that he had to walk for a long time in boots, and not in his usual soft slippers), or excessively lazy and inactive (at the end of the novel, Stolz says that it was the “Oblomovism” that ruined Ilya Ilyich).

Conclusion

On the example of the way of life of Oblomov and Stolz, Goncharov showed how the fates of people who come from the same social stratum, but who received a different upbringing, can differ. Depicting the tragedy of both characters, the author shows that a person cannot live hiding from the whole world in an illusion or giving himself excessively to others, up to mental exhaustion - in order to be happy, it is important to find harmony between these two directions.

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