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What role does nature play in human life?

Text: Anna Chaynikova
Photo: news.sputnik.ru

Write good essay not easy, but well-chosen arguments and literary examples help you get the highest score. This time we analyze the topic: "Man and Nature".

Sample Problem Statements

The problem of determining the role of nature in human life. (What role does nature play in human life?)
The problem of the impact of nature on man. (What effect does nature have on humans?)
The problem of the ability to notice beauty in the ordinary. (What gives a person the ability to notice beauty in the simple and ordinary?)
The problem of the influence of nature on spiritual world person. (How does nature affect the spiritual world of a person?)
The problem of the negative impact of human activity on nature. (What is the negative impact of human activity on nature?)
The problem of a cruel / kind attitude of a person towards living beings. (Is it permissible to torture and kill living beings? Are people capable of treating nature compassionately?)
The problem of human responsibility for the conservation of nature and life on Earth. (Is man responsible for the conservation of nature and life on Earth?)

Not everyone can see the beauty of nature, its poetry. There are quite a few people who perceive it utilitarianly, like Yevgeny Bazarov, the hero of the novel Fathers and Sons. According to the young nihilist, "nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it." Calling nature "trifles", he is not only unable to admire its beauties, but in principle denies this possibility. I would not agree with such a position, who in the poem “Not what you think, nature ...”, in fact, gave the answer to all supporters of Bazarov’s point of view:

Not what you think, nature:
Not a cast, not a soulless face -
It has a soul, it has freedom,
It has love, it has a language...

According to the poet, people who remain deaf to the beauty of nature have existed and will exist, but their inability to feel is worthy of only regret, because they "live in this world as if in the dark." The inability to feel is not their fault, but a misfortune:

Not their fault: understand, if you can,
The body is the life of a deaf-mute!
Soul it, ah! won't alarm
And the voice of the mother herself! ..

It is to this category of people that Sonya belongs, the heroine of the epic novel L. N. Tolstoy"War and Peace". Being a rather prosaic girl, she is unable to understand beauty. moonlit night, poetry spilled in the air, which Natasha Rostova feels. The girl's enthusiastic words do not reach Sonya's heart, she only wants Natasha to close the window as soon as possible and go to bed. But she cannot sleep, feelings overwhelm her: “No, look at that moon!.. Oh, what a charm! You come here. Darling, dove, come here. Well, see? So I would squat down like this, grab myself under my knees - tighter, as tight as possible, you have to strain - and fly. Like this!
- All right, you're going to fall.
There was a struggle and Sonya's displeased voice:
- It's the second hour.
Oh, you're just ruining everything for me. Well, go, go."

Alive and open to the whole world, Natasha's paintings of nature prompt dreams that are incomprehensible to the mundane and insensitive Sonya. Prince Andrei, who became an unwitting witness to the conversation of girls at night in Otradnoye, is forced by nature to look at his life with different eyes, pushing him to reassess his values. At first, he experiences it on the field of Austerlitz, when he lies, bleeding, and looks into an unusually "high, fair and kind sky." Then all the former ideals seem small to him, and the dying hero sees the meaning of life in family happiness, and not glory and universal love. Then nature becomes for Bolkonsky, who is experiencing an internal crisis, a catalyst for the process of reassessment of values, gives an impetus to return to the world. The tender foliage that appeared in the spring on the old clumsy branches of the oak, with which it associates itself, gives it hope for renewal, inspires strength: “No, life is not over at the age of thirty-one,” Prince Andrei suddenly decided definitively, without change.<…>... it is necessary that my life was not for me alone.

Happy is the one who feels and hears nature, is able to draw strength from it, find support in difficult situations. Yaroslavna, the heroine of The Tale of Igor's Campaign, is endowed with such a gift, three times turning to the forces of nature: with a reproach for her husband's defeat - to the sun and wind, for help - to the Dnieper. Yaroslavna's crying forces the forces of nature to help Igor escape from captivity and becomes a symbolic reason for the completion of the events described in the "Word ...".

The story “Hare Paws” is dedicated to the connection between man and nature, a careful and compassionate attitude towards it. Vanya Malyavin brings to the veterinarian a hare with a torn ear and burned paws, which brought his grandfather out of a terrible forest fire. The hare “cries”, “groans” and “sighs”, just like a person, but the veterinarian remains indifferent and, instead of helping, gives the boy the cynical advice to “fry him with onions”. Grandfather and grandson do their best to help the hare, they even carry it to the city, where, as they say, lives the pediatrician Korsh, who will not refuse to help them. Dr. Korsh, despite the fact that "all his life he treated people, not hares", unlike a veterinarian, he shows spiritual sensitivity and nobility and helps an unusual patient to come out. “What a child, what a hare is all the same”, - says the grandfather, and one cannot but agree with him, because animals, just like humans, can experience fear or suffer from pain. Grandfather Larion is grateful to the hare for saving him, but feels guilty for the fact that one day he almost shot a hare with a torn ear while hunting, which then led him out of a forest fire.

However, is a person always responsive to nature and treats it with care, does he understand the value of the life of any creature: a bird, an animal? in the story "The Horse with a Pink Mane" shows a cruel and thoughtless attitude towards nature, when children, for fun, knocked out a bird, a sculpin fish with a stone "torn to pieces ... on the shore for an ugly view". Although the guys then tried to give the swallow water to drink, but “She let blood into the river, could not swallow water and died, dropping her head.” Having buried the bird in the pebbles on the shore, the children soon forgot about it, taking up other games, and they were not at all ashamed. Often a person does not think about the damage he causes to nature, how destructive the thoughtless destruction of all life is.

in the story E. Nosova The “doll” narrator, who has not been in his native places for a long time, is horrified at how the once rich in fish river has changed beyond recognition, how it has become shallow, overgrown with mud: “The channel narrowed, became infested, the clean sands on the bends were covered with cocklebur and hard butterbur, many unfamiliar shoals and spits appeared. There were no more deep, rapids, where before, at the evening dawn, cast, bronzed ides bored into the river surface.<…>Now all this yazovy freedom bristled with a bunch and peaks of an arrowhead, and everywhere, where it is still free from grasses, black bottom mud is rushing, grown fertile from an excess of fertilizers carried by rains from the fields.. What happened in Lipina Yama can be called a real environmental disaster, but what are its causes? The author sees them in the changed attitude of man to the world around him as a whole, not only to nature. The careless, merciless, indifferent attitude of people to the world around them and to each other can have irreversible consequences. The old carrier Akimych explains the changes that have taken place to the narrator in this way: “Many have become accustomed to evil and do not see how they themselves are doing evil.” Indifference, according to the author, is one of the most terrible vices that destroy not only the soul of the person himself, but also the world around him.

Artworks
"The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
N. A. Nekrasov "Grandfather Mazai and hares"
L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
F. I. Tyutchev "Not what you think, nature ..."
"Good attitude towards horses"
A. I. Kuprin "White Poodle"
L. Andreev "Kusaka"
M. M. Prishvin "Forest Master"
K. G. Paustovsky "Golden Rose", "Hare Paws", "Badger Nose", "Dense Bear", "Water Frog", "Warm Bread"
V. P. Astafiev "Tsar-fish", "Vasyutkino Lake"
B. L. Vasiliev "Do not shoot at white swans"
Ch. Aitmatov "Scaffold"
V. P. Astafiev "Horse with a pink mane"
V. G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matyora", "Live and Remember", "Fire"
G. N. Troepolsky "White Bim Black Ear"
E. I. Nosov "Doll", "Thirty grains"
"Love of Life", "White Fang"
E. Hemingway "The Old Man and the Sea"

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V. Soloukhin. The secret of comprehending beauty, according to the famous publicist V. Soloukhin, lies in admiring life and nature. The beauty poured into the world will enrich us spiritually if we learn to contemplate it. The author is sure that it is necessary to stop in front of her, "without thinking about time", only then she "will invite you to interlocutors."

K. Paustovsky. The great Russian writer K. Paustovsky wrote that “you need to immerse yourself in nature, as if you plunged your face into a pile of leaves wet from the rain and felt their luxurious coolness, their smell, their breath. Simply put, nature must be loved, and this love will find the right ways to express itself with the greatest power.

Yu.Gribov. A modern publicist, writer Y. Gribov argued that "beauty lives in the heart of every person and it is very important to wake her up, not let her die without waking up."

The problem of loneliness in old age, disrespectful attitude towards the elderly

V. Rasputin "Deadline". Children from the city gathered at the bedside of their dying mother. Before death, the mother seems to go to the place of judgment. She sees that there is no previous mutual understanding between her and the children, the children are disunited, they have forgotten about the lessons of morality received in childhood. Anna leaves life, difficult and simple, with dignity, and her children still live and live. The story ends tragically. Hurrying about some business, the children leave their mother to die alone. Unable to bear such a terrible blow, she dies that same night. Rasputin reproaches the children of the collective farmer for insincerity, moral coldness, forgetfulness and vanity.

K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram". The story of K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram" is not a banal story about a lonely old woman and an inattentive daughter. Paustovsky shows that Nastya is not soulless: she sympathizes with Timofeev, spends a lot of time organizing his exhibition. How could it happen that Nastya, who cares about others, shows inattention to her own mother? It turns out that it’s one thing to get carried away with work, to do it with all your heart, to give it all your strength, physical and mental, and another to remember your loved ones, your mother, the most holy creature in the world, not limited only to money transfers and short notes. Nastya failed to achieve harmony between caring for the "distant" and love for the closest person. This is the tragedy of her situation, this is the reason for the feeling of irreparable guilt, unbearable heaviness that visits her after the death of her mother and which will settle in her soul forever.

The problem of the need to act according to conscience

F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Main character works - Rodion Raskolnikov did a lot of good deeds. He is a kind person by nature who is hard going through the pain of others and always helps people. So Raskolnikov saves children from the fire, gives his last money to the Marmeladovs, tries to protect the drunk girl from men pestering her, worries about her sister Dunya, seeks to prevent her marriage with Luzhin in order to protect her from humiliation, loves and pities her mother, tries not to disturb her with his problems. But the trouble with Raskolnikov is that he chose a completely inappropriate means to fulfill such global goals. Unlike Raskolnikov, Sonya performs truly beautiful deeds. She sacrifices herself for the sake of loved ones, because she loves them. Yes, Sonya is a harlot, but she did not have the opportunity to quickly earn money in an honest way, and her family was dying of hunger. This woman destroys herself, but her soul remains pure, because she believes in God and tries to do good to everyone, loving and compassionate in a Christian way.
The most beautiful act of Sonya is the salvation of Raskolnikov ..
The whole life of Sonya Marmeladova is self-sacrifice. By the power of her love, she elevates Raskolnikov to herself, helps him overcome his sin and rise again. The actions of Sonya Marmeladova express all the beauty of a human act.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Pierre Bezukhov is one of the writer's favorite characters. Being at odds with his wife, feeling disgusted with the life in the light that they lead, experiencing after his duel with Dolokhov, Pierre involuntarily asks eternal, but so important questions for him: “What is wrong? What well? Why live, and what am I? And when one of the smartest Masonic leaders urges him to change his life and purify himself by serving good, to benefit his neighbor, Pierre sincerely believed "in the possibility of a brotherhood of people united in order to support each other on the path of virtue." And to achieve this goal, Pierre does everything. what he considers necessary: ​​he donates money to the brotherhood, arranges schools, hospitals and shelters, tries to make life easier for peasant women with small children. His actions are always in harmony with his conscience, and the feeling of being right gives him confidence in life.

M. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita". Pontius Pilate sent the innocent Yeshua to be executed. For the rest of his life, the procurator was tormented by his conscience, he could not forgive himself for his cowardice. The hero received peace only when Yeshuya himself forgave him and said that there was no execution.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Raskolnikov killed an old pawnbroker to prove to himself that he was a "higher" being. But after the crime, his conscience torments him, a persecution mania develops, the hero moves away from relatives and friends. At the end of the novel, he repents of the murder, embarks on the path of spiritual healing.

* The secret of comprehension of beauty, according to the famous publicist V. Soloukhin, lies in admiring life and nature. The beauty poured into the world will enrich us spiritually if we learn to contemplate it. The author is sure that it is necessary to stop in front of her, "without thinking about time", only then she "will invite you to interlocutors."

* The great Russian writer K. Paustovsky wrote that “you need to immerse yourself in nature, as if you plunged your face into a pile of leaves wet from the rain and felt their luxurious coolness, their smell, their breath. Simply put, nature must be loved, and this love will find the right ways to express itself with the greatest power.

* A modern publicist, writer Y. Gribov argued that "beauty lives in the heart of every person and it is very important to wake her up, not let her die without waking up."

The problem of attitude to the native language

* The well-known publicist M. Molina wrote: “For Russian-speaking people living in Russia or dispersed all over the world, language is the only common heritage ... The first concern is not to let it die.”

*WITH. Erichev noted that "with the help of verbal mental images, we can create or destroy our genetic structure... Some words heal the body... others destroy it."

* "War and Peace" L.N. Tolstoy begins with a lengthy dialogue in French, and the babbling of Anatole Kuragin, who unsuccessfully tried to tell a joke in Russian, looked very pitiful.

* Well-known publicist A. Prosvirnov in the article “Why do we need imported weeds?” resents unreasonable abuse foreign words and jargon in our language.

* S. Kaznacheev, in one of his essays, wrote that the “blind” use of borrowings today leads to a distortion of the alphabet, the destruction of words, a disruption in the functioning of the language, and the loss of cultural traditions.

* N. Gal believes that one of the most dangerous diseases of our speech is clerical. Stamps oppress the "living core" of the language, they are dangerous both in the live speech of people and in the speech of characters in literary works.

* Publicist V. Kostomarov is sure that "the language is subject to the people who use it." It reflects the state of society. So “it’s not the language that needs to be corrected now ...”

The problem of the future of the book

* The popular publicist S. Kuriyu argued in the essay "The Book and the Computer Age" about whether the book will die under the condition of the development of modern information technologies. The author argued that a book is primarily a text, but in what format it is presented does not matter for the essence of the work.

* V. Soloukhin writes about the enormous advantage of the book over the cinema. The reader, in his opinion, "directs" his film himself, the film director does not impose on him the appearance of the characters. Thus, reading books is a more creative process than sitting in front of a “box”, when a person is more a consumer than a creator.

The role of books in human life

* According to the famous writer F. Iskander, “the main and invariable sign of good luck artwork is the desire to return to it, re-read it and repeat the pleasure.

* The well-known writer and publicist Y. Olesha wrote: “We read a wonderful book more than once in our lives and each time, as it were, anew, and this is the amazing fate of the authors of golden books ... They are out of time.”

*M. Gorky wrote: "I owe everything good in me to books."

* In Russian literature, there are many examples of the positive impact of reading on the formation of a person's personality. So, from the first part of M. Gorky's trilogy "Childhood" we learn that books helped the hero of the work overcome the "lead abominations of life" and become a man.

Section 6

Scientific and technical progress

Problems

1.Education and culture

2. Human education

3. The role of science in modern life

4. Man and scientific progress

5. Spiritual Consequences of Scientific Discoveries