The theme of love in the story of Kuprin's garnet bracelet is an essay. Love in the work "Garnet Bracelet" Kuprin: composition. Analysis of the work "Garnet Bracelet": the theme of love VI. Homework

Love in the work "Garnet Bracelet" sounds like a leitmotif and runs like a red thread through the whole story. In fact, this is the main idea, for the sake of which it was created. AI Kuprin reflected in it his creative searches, experiences, aspirations. The work itself is quite difficult, since the highest feeling is involved here - that is, a person. The writer himself in his work considered the “Garnet Bracelet” to be the most successful. Analysis of the work (love is the main link here) allows a deeper understanding of the motives of the characters' actions, to find an explanation for their actions. Acquaintance with the story brings the reader considerable

As mentioned above, love in Kuprin's work "Garnet Bracelet" occupies a central position. In this article we will consider the images of the main characters, the features of their inner world. What kind of love in the work “Garnet Bracelet” is real and genuine or invented and illusory?

Author's worldview

AI Kuprin himself believed that love comes to a person only in the form of beauty. It is known that the beautiful is closely connected with the tragedy, it has a dramatic essence. Love cannot be measured by anything in the world, it is impossible to subordinate to your will or get rid of it. The writer saw in this feeling an impending obsession, capable of absorbing everything in its path.

This image in him is largely destructive, associated with deep personal experiences and rethinking. Nothing attracts attention like the theme of love in the work "Garnet Bracelet". Each student had to write an essay based on the material read. And not everyone was able to understand what mystical power makes poor Zheltkov compose long letters to his beloved, which guided his mind in those difficult moments.

Essence of love

This main question that unfolds throughout the story. AI Kuprin believed that you can experience a real feeling of heartfelt love for a woman only once. The ability to carry this heartfelt affection through the years is a necessity, not a conscious choice.

A person, in his opinion, does not control his emotional state at all, and therefore is not able to change anything. Feeling in the understanding of the writer is always a tragedy, suffering that has no end, because it lasts forever. Love in the work "Garnet Bracelet" looks cruel, exhausting the person and ultimately leads to death.

The image of the main character

Vera Nikolaevna Sheina was married to a very wealthy man. True, in Lately their financial situation was somewhat shaken, and therefore she tried to support her husband as best she could. The heroine never asked herself if she really loved this person. Her feeling gradually turned into a calm affection, in which there was a place for care and tenderness, but not for passion and surprise.

routine and habit

Love in the work "Garnet Bracelet" raises such important questions: why is it worth living on earth, what should be a true feeling? The relationship with her husband had long since become a habit, and this circumstance prevented her from feeling completely happy and satisfied. Her soul has long been asking for some kind of renewal, but the heroine listened little to the voice of her heart. Perhaps the young woman considered herself not entitled to talk about sublime and pure love, because she was married and, as usual, had to honor her husband and agree with him in everything.

Personality G.S.Zh.

This character does not have his own name in the story. Kuprin gives him only one surname - Mr. Zheltkov - and names the initials. Perhaps this was done intentionally to show the mysteriousness of this strange person and at the same time depersonalize him. He is a secret admirer of Vera Nikolaevna, who has been writing love letters to her for more than seven years. On the day of the name day of his beloved, Zheltkov, through a messenger, presented his lady of the heart with a golden bracelet, shimmering in pomegranate color. This gift was made with all my heart, from the impossibility of being silent any longer about my feeling, which grew in my chest with a crushing flame and covered everything with itself.

Love or mental illness?

Zheltkov led an inconspicuous life as a simple clerk. In addition to a painful attachment to the wife of Prince Shein, he had no other interests. Neither theater, nor music, nor art, nor politics worried him. All his life, he saw its purpose and meaning only in loving and exalting one and only woman. More and more delving into his own suffering, he ceases to notice the world around. At the same time, Zheltkov calls his feeling an exalted gift from heaven, the best that he had in his life. Love is experienced by him as the greatest blessing and at the same time as irreparable grief, from which there is no outcome, deliverance.

Reverent service to the lady of the heart, slavish devotion to her belittle him as a person. In fact, Mr. G.S.Zh. does not value himself, does not see prospects for further development. He is alive only by his own experiences of a sweet, intoxicating feeling.

Love in the work "Garnet Bracelet" is shown in the form of an exhausting painful attachment that makes you suffer, destroys a person, and ultimately leads to suicide. Zheltkov cannot be called prosperous and mentally healthy. Yes, he comprehended the secret of love, but at the same time he faced crushing bitterness and an irreparable tragedy. He could not find a way out only because he exalted his own feeling for Princess Vera Nikolaevna to such an extent that he ceased to appreciate and respect his own personality.

Mr. G.S.Zh. leads a modest, inconspicuous existence. He jealously follows the life of his beloved, but he himself does not make any attempts to get close to her, or at least get to know her. Even when Vera Nikolaevna was still an unmarried young lady, for some reason Zheltkov did not consider it necessary and necessary to introduce himself to her. The character must have considered himself so unworthy of mutual feelings that he had previously refused to do anything. He preferred to suffer in secret and revel in his loneliness.

His actions are illogical and inconsistent. At the same time, G.S.Zh. claims that he loves this woman, but in fact he does not know how real she is - her character, habits, outlook on life. The hero cherishes the idea that he can love without looking back, but in reality, he is constantly waiting for an answer, signs of attention. Love in Kuprin's work "Garnet Bracelet" is very reminiscent of a sweet illusion in which a person lives for years.

Feeling sorry

This is the feeling with which Vera Nikolaevna remains after the suicide of her mysterious admirer. She feels partly to blame for his death. It seems to her that the real one is past her. This feeling arose because Zheltkov himself, passing away, seems to shift the entire burden of responsibility for everything that he experienced in solitude for many years. It is hardly possible to call such an approach correct on his part.

This is how love is shown in the work “Garnet Bracelet”. The essay that students are invited to write at school allows them to reveal their own opinion about the mental suffering of the protagonist.

Instead of a conclusion

This story is a cultural and psychological value. After all, it affects the interests of the individual, reveals her inner world, deep feelings.

Kuprin was told an anecdotal story that happened to the well-born family of Prince Dmitry Nikolaevich Lyubimov. “... For several years, my mother, Lyudmila Ivanovna, almost every day received letters from an unknown addressee, who in his messages revealed his feelings for her. Realizing that their inequality in social status did not give him any hope for a reciprocal feeling, he wrote that it was not in his power to stop reminding him of himself. Letters were kept in the family for a long time. Everyone has forgotten about them...

This went on until a garnet bracelet was received as a gift from a telegraph operator in love. Our family recognized it as an insult. As described in the story, Prince Lyubimov and Lyudmila Ivanovna's brother, Nikolai, sought out an employee with the "strange" surname Yellow. My father later told me that the visit to Zheltoy had shaken him. The telegraph operator lived in a shabby attic on the sixth floor. It smelled of mice, cats, kerosene, and laundry. During Yellow's explanation, the father was more silent, and the uncle, who is young, hot and arrogant, was needlessly harsh. Yellow promised not to write to my mother again. This is how it all ended .. In any case, we do not know anything about his further fate.

The story is based on a real case. The finale of the story - Zheltkov's suicide - is the creative conjecture of the writer. He needed such an ending to more strongly shade the power of Zheltkov's love for a woman almost unfamiliar to him. The main character of the story is Princess Vera Nikolaevna Sheina. The action of the story takes place on September 17 - the day of the name day of Vera Nikolaevna. The husband of Vera Nikolaevna was Prince Vasily Lvovich Shein. Vera Nikolaevna's former passionate love for her husband turned into a feeling of lasting, faithful, true friendship. All the characters, with the exception of Zheltkov, the main character in love with Princess Sheina, Kuprin gathers the Shein family at the dacha. Among the guests, Kuprin singles out the old General Anosov, a comrade-in-arms of Vera's father. The maid handed Vera a bundle. Unfolding it, Vera discovers a case containing a gold bracelet with stones and a note. The note tells about the bracelet, that it is a family heirloom, and that it is the most expensive thing that the donor has. At the end of the letter were the initials G.S.Zh., and Vera realized that this was the secret admirer who had been writing to her for seven years. This bracelet becomes a symbol of his hopeless, enthusiastic, selfless, reverent love.

Vera considered Zheltkov "unfortunate", she could not understand the tragedy of this love. Until the guests leave, Vera decides not to talk about the gift to her husband. Only now do we learn about Zheltkov, despite the fact that he is the main character. Almost nothing is said about Zheltkov himself in the story. We learn about him thanks to small details: this man was not like the others, he was not mired in a miserable and dull everyday life, his soul aspired to the beautiful and sublime. When only her husband and brother remained in the house, Vera told about Zheltkov's gift. Vasily Lvovich and Nikolai Nikolaevich treated Zheltkov's gift extremely dismissively. Nikolai Nikolaevich does not believe in Zheltkov's pure, platonic love. Vera herself did not attach special importance to letters, she did not have feelings for her mysterious admirer. The husband and brother of Vera Nikolaevna decide to give a gift to a secret admirer and ask him never to write to Vera again. There are insurmountable barriers between the characters: different social status and Vera's marriage make Zheltkov's love unrequited.

Love gives Zheltkov "tremendous happiness." Zheltkov confesses to Vasily Lvovich that he has been in love with his wife for seven years. He asked permission to write a farewell letter to Vera, after which he would disappear from their lives forever. The next morning, Vera Nikolaevna reads in the newspaper that Zheltkov committed suicide. The newspaper wrote that the death occurred due to the waste of public money. So the suicide wrote in a posthumous letter. Throughout the story, Kuprin is trying to convince readers that there is a “concept of love on the verge of life”, like Zheltkov, for whom love is life, therefore, there is no love - there is no life. “…My love is not a disease, not a maniacal idea, it is a reward from God… If you ever think of me, then play the L. van Beethoven sonata. Son No. 2, op. 2. Largo Appassionato…” His prayer was addressed to his beloved: “Hallowed be thy name.” Zheltkov never met his beloved, his feelings remained unrequited. He gave the best qualities to a woman about whom he knew absolutely nothing. General Anosov said: “Love must be a tragedy ...”, if you approach love with just such a measure, then it becomes clear that Zheltkov’s love is just that.

The garnet bracelet itself is a detail that even more clearly emphasizes the entire tragedy of this man. The psychological climax of the story is Vera's farewell to the deceased Zheltkov, their only "date". “At that moment, she realized that the love that every woman dreams of has passed her by.” Love dried up the hero, took away all the best that was in his nature. But she gave nothing in return. This love can be called a unique, wonderful, amazingly beautiful phenomenon. "Hallowed be Thy name" - the refrain sounds in the last part of the "Garnet Bracelet". A man has passed away, but love has not gone away. It seemed to dissipate in the surrounding world, merged with Beethoven's sonata No. 2 Largo Appassionato. The story ends on this tragic note.

Despite the sad denouement, Kuprin's hero is happy. He believes that the love that illuminated his life is a truly wonderful feeling. She is beautiful like the moon, pure like the sky, bright like the sun, constant like nature. Such is Zheltkov's chivalrous, romantic love for Princess Vera Nikolaevna, which swallowed up his whole being. Zheltkov passes away without complaints, without reproaches, saying, as a prayer: "Hallowed be thy name."

Ticket 16

1. "Dialectics of the soul" of the heroes of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" (on the example of one of the characters at the choice of the examinee).

L. N. Tolstoy believed that a wide variety of feelings, aspirations, desires live in a person. Therefore, the writer's heroes can be different, the author sees his hero "either as a villain, or as an angel, or as a sage, or as a strong man, or as a powerless being." The attraction of searching, thinking, doubting heroes lies precisely in the fact that they passionately want to understand what life is, what is its highest justice. Hence there is a continuous movement of thoughts and feelings. Movement as a collision, struggle of various solutions. The discoveries that the heroes make are steps in the process of their spiritual development.

N. G. Chernyshevsky called this feature of the artistic method of L. N. Tolstoy in revealing the inner world of characters "the dialectic of the soul." L. N. Tolstoy himself believed that “for readers to sympathize with the hero, it is necessary that they recognize in him as many of their weaknesses as virtues, virtues are possible, weaknesses are necessary ...”

In the novel "War and Peace" the author goes through the path of spiritual quests along with the characters. Different characters and destinies in his novel represent different types of a person's attitude to life, to people, to God. Not all Tolstoy's heroes strive to know the truth. But the author's favorite characters solve moral and philosophical problems, looking for answers to "eternal" questions. One of these heroes is Prince Andrei Bolkonsky.

One of the main characters of Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" Prince Andrei appears on the pages of the novel in the living room of Anna Pavlovna Sherer. This is a young man with rather handsome features and a tired, bored look. We see Prince Andrei, tired of a fake, stupid society, irritated. For him, the living room, gossip, balls, vanity, insignificance - this is a vicious circle from which he is trying to break out. That is why Prince Andrei Bolkonsky goes to war. His goal is to achieve glory, glory for which he is ready to sacrifice everything. In the battle of Austerlitz, Andrey, with a banner in his hands, runs towards his dream of Toulon, but, defeated, he falls, and at the same time, the significance of the goal to which he so strived seems to fall, Andrey feels its meaninglessness. Prince Andrei sees nothing but an immeasurably high sky, everything seems empty, a deception, everything except the endless sky. In these moments, he sees the "little" Napoleon, sees his pettiness, the insignificance of his greatness, as well as the insignificance of life and death, which no one could understand and explain.

The purpose of his life was destroyed, his life was over. The turning point that changed this view is the accidentally overheard nighttime conversation between Natasha Rostova and Sonya. This thin girl, admiring the beauty of the night, dreaming of flying, was able to revive in Prince Andrei faith in the ability to benefit people, in the possibility of happiness and love. The second meeting with Natasha took place at the ball, the first ball of Natasha Rostova.

Andrei Bolkonsky was attracted to her by what distinguished her so much from secular society: her sincerity, naturalness, joy and timidity, even her mistakes in French. He felt that the alien world of this girl beckoned to him. In Andrei, opposites began to coexist: that infinitely great and irresistible that lived in him after Austerlitz, and that which she was - narrow and bodily.

After the engagement, at some point, the hero was frightened by Natasha's devotion and gullibility, that joyful and at the same time heavy sense of duty. Perhaps that is why Prince Andrei yields to his father, agrees to postpone the wedding for a year. During his absence, Natasha's passion for Anatole turns out to be stronger than her love for Andrei. And Prince Andrei, who spoke about the forgiveness of a fallen woman, himself was unable to forgive. He becomes obsessed with revenge.

But the meeting with Anatole did not bring Bolkonsky the expected satisfaction. Both heroes were wounded, and the miserable sight of the groaning Anatole awakened in Prince Andrei a close and heavy feeling that connected him with this man. He remembered his tenderness and love for Natasha and felt it with even greater force. He managed not only to forgive, but also to love Anatole with the love that is loved by brothers, who love, hate, enemies.

Prince Andrei also forgave Natasha and fell in love with her with that new, pure, divine love. Earthly love gave way to Christian love. During an illness, after being wounded, a struggle between life and death takes place in the hero. He comprehended his new feeling - love, which God preached on earth and which Princess Mary taught him. Love is God, there is life. To love everything is to love God in all manifestations. Bolkonsky was able to understand this because he fell in love. The fear of death was gone, as death began to mean for him the return of a particle of love to the eternal source.

Having passed life path constant search for answers to eternal questions, constant self-improvement, Andrei Bolkonsky reached the highest point of his development.

2. What is the meaning of the mystical finale of the story by N.V. Gogol's "Overcoat"?

The finale of most of Gogol's works is the overcoming of reality, the invasion of the text of a higher principle, the meaning of which is a moral judgment on the heroes, a breakthrough to understanding the philosophical laws of being: good and evil, truth and lies, life and death, the future. How does this exit take place in the story "The Overcoat"?

The author fills the end of the story with a feeling of almost mystical coldness. A ghost walks around the city at night, he punishes those who are indifferent to someone else's pain, fenced off by a wall of well-being from someone else's misfortune. Fiction is needed by N.V. Gogol as a reminder of the highest truth, that the desire for material well-being is just vanity. The appearance on the pages of the story of a "dead official" is not a description of revenge, not a punishment by fear, but a reminder to every person about the Supreme Court, about the inevitability of just retribution and punishment.

No one really saw the fantastic figure of a dead official. It is only possible to recognize Akaky Akakievich in a dead man " significant person". This subjective impression arises in a person with a troubled conscience. In this way, the author tries to make people think about those whom they offended. Perhaps this is how the mystical ending of the story can be explained.

3. Citizenship and confession of the lyrics of A.T. Tvardovsky (on the example of 2-3 poems at the choice of the examinee).

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky is a writer who visibly and pointedly, with the blood of his heart, marked the fate of the people's consciousness, its ups and downs for almost half a century.

Tvardovsky's lyrics are primarily an expression of the simplest, accessible to any reader, but at the same time the most profound human feelings.

Already in the first verses, the author stops his choice on lyrical hero which becomes an ordinary, ordinary person. In the 30s of the 20th century, a collective farmer, an honest village worker, becomes such a hero. Accurate knowledge of their lives, a special gift of understanding the soul of a simple person allowed the poet to create vivid images humble workers. Often these are craftsmen, craftsmen, people with golden hands (“Matryona's Tale”, “More about Danila”, “Rivals”, etc.). Description of skillful, skillful work occupies a significant place in the pre-war lyrics of Tvardovsky. The author introduces his reader into the world where they grow bread, build houses, "Get light" - they do what is impossible without human life. This good world in which the spirit of love and peace reigns. The stove-maker Ivushka (the poem "Ivushka"), having folded the stove, addresses the owners with these words:

Well, drown, bake bread,

Friendly, have fun.

And for the stove, my answer:

Twenty years without repair.

Lyric works Tvardovsky is sometimes called "the lyrics of another person." This is a special form of a poem, in which the position of the poet himself grows out of the author’s lively sympathy for his characters: the poet does not write about himself, but he is so cordially close to his hero that the feelings of the author and the hero merge in the narrative of an “outsider” person, acquire warmth and the excitement of lyrical self-expression (“To Friends”, “3a thousand miles ...”, “Trip to Zagorye”).

The poet always responded to all the events that took place in the life of his country. The war, the capture of the Smolensk region cause pain and anger in his heart at the same time. -

In the poems of 1941-1945, the poet seeks to show the war as perceived by the broad masses of the people: "The Ballad of Abdication", "Fire", "Payback", "Big Summer", "Retribution", "I was killed near Rzhev". The poems "Vasily Terkin", "House by the road" are devoted to the same military theme.

It should be noted that the military lyrics of Tvardovsky in many ways echo the poems of the war years of other poets: K. Simonov, A. Surkov, N. Tikhonov and others. Patriotism, faith in victory, faith in the strength and steadfastness of the spirit, the courage of the Russian people unites the poetry of the war years.

Among the highly patriotic works about the war in the work of Tvardovsky, the poem "I was killed near Rzhev" occupies a special place.

The poem is imbued with a deep love for the Motherland, an understanding of the enormous responsibility of every citizen to his country in a moment of formidable danger. “I was killed near Rzhev” is a story full of inescapable sorrow on behalf of those who will never know how the terrible war ended, who cannot experience the joy of victory.

The singularity of the story on behalf of the dead soldier, combined with the truthful description of the battle, gives the hero the right to learn about the fate of the city he defended and speak in full about the high degree of the accomplished feat:

And the dead, the voiceless,

There is one consolation:

We fell for our country

But she is saved...

The mournful lines of the poem are constantly interspersed with others expressing hope and faith that the survivors will be worthy of the memory of the soldiers who fell for their homeland. The fallen warrior conjures the survivors:

I bequeath in that life

you happy to be

It can be fully called lyric poems"House by the road" and "Vasily Terkin". Both of these works reveal the tragedy of the fate of a Russian person during the war and at the same time have a life-affirming power.

Let's turn to the poem "The House by the Road". folk character The poem is emphasized by the introduction of the words “more beautiful”, “do not complain”, “turn”, “darling”, “frozen” and others into the speech of the heroes.

If we talk about the theme of this poem, then it is impossible to define the theme better than the author himself: “Its theme is war, but from a different side than in Terkin, from the home, family, wife and children of a soldier who survived the war., Epigraph this book could have lines taken from it:

Come on people never

Let's not forget this…”

To enhance the drama of the poem, the author persistently repeats epithets, metaphors, comparisons: “the day was deafened by a roar”, “the war fought drunk”, “memory of grief”, “pain calls to people”, “sorrowful house”, “deaf memory”, “ sad food”, “deaf joyless peace”, “bitter minute”, “fierce wind” and others.

The word "house" in the poem is ambiguous. This is a home, this is a family, this is a broader concept - a homeland in general, which must be defended to the last drop of blood, because there is nothing dearer and dearer.

The terrible war has passed, sorrow is behind, peaceful labor is ahead, but no one should forget about this war. Not to forget means to prevent a new war. The author himself compares the poem with lamentation, writes about the terrible trials sent by the war. The author's voice merges with the voice of the people condemning the enemy, whom the people called "he" during the war years, putting their civil contempt into this word:

And he's bombs on Moscow

Carried over their heads.

Tracing the fate of individual heroes, the owners of the house by the road, the author makes the reader a witness to the tragic fate of the entire people during the war years. The poem ends with a description of free labor, which symbolizes hope and faith in happiness.

In the post-war years (60-70s of the 20th century), the poet's favorite genre was the lyrical miniature, in a capacious form of which the author manages to express broad thoughts. Tvardovsky's lyrics become philosophical and pose important questions of human existence to the reader:

I'm the glory of decay - without interest

And power petty passion.

But to me from the morning forest

I need a part of me in the world;

………………………………...

And I still do not conceal a confession:

I need, dear to tears,

As a result, firm consciousness

What a flattering thing I pulled my cart.

"About Being"

For Tvardovsky, poetry is a noble service to people, requiring hard work and skill. In 1971, the poet's lyrical poems were awarded the State Prize.

Ticket 17

1. "Family Thought" in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".

“Tolstoy’s novel differs from the usual family novel in that it is, so to speak, an open family, with an open door - it is ready to spread, the path to the family is the path to people,” N. Berkovsky writes about the novel War and Peace.

In the novel "War and Peace" L. N. Tolstoy talks about different families - these are the Bolkonskys who keep aristocratic traditions; and representatives of the Moscow nobility Rostov; deprived of mutual respect, sincerity and connections, the Kuragin family; the Berg family, which begins its existence with the laying of the "material foundation". And in the epilogue of the novel, Tolstoy presents two new families to the readers' judgment - Pierre and Natasha, Nikolai and Marya, families based on sincere and deep feelings.

Let's try to arrange the families presented in the novel, as they are close to Tolstoy's idea of ​​an ideal family.

Berg himself has much in common with Griboyedov's Molchalin (moderation, diligence and accuracy). According to Tolstoy, Berg is not only a philistine in himself, but also a particle of universal philistinism (the mania of acquisitiveness in any situation prevails, drowning out the manifestation of normal feelings - the episode with the purchase of furniture during the evacuation of most residents from Moscow). Berg "exploits" the war of 1812, "squeezes" out of it the maximum benefit for himself. The Bergs do their best to resemble the patterns accepted in society: the evening that the Bergs arrange is an exact copy of many other evenings with candles and tea. Vera (although she belongs to the Rostovs by birth), even as a girl, despite her pleasant appearance and development, good manners and “correctness” of judgments, repels people from herself with her indifference to others and extreme egoism.

Such a family, according to Tolstoy, cannot become the basis of society, because. The “foundation” laid in its basis is material acquisitions, which rather devastate the soul, contribute to the destruction of human relations, and not to unification.

Kuragins - Prince Vasily, Hippolyte, Anatole, Helen.

Family members are connected only by external relations. Prince Vasily does not have a paternal feeling for children, all the Kuragins are divided. And in independent living the children of Prince Vasily are doomed to loneliness: Helen and Pierre have no family, despite their official marriage; Anatole, being married to a Polish woman, enters into new relationships, looking for a rich wife. Kuragins organically fit into the society of Anna Pavlovna Scherer's salon regulars with its falseness, artificiality, false patriotism, and intrigues. The true face of Prince Vasily appears in the episode of the division of the inheritance of Kirila Bezukhov, from which he does not intend to refuse under any circumstances. He actually sells his daughter, passing her off as Pierre. Animal immoral beginning, embedded in Anatole Kuragin, is especially pronounced when his father brings him to the Bolkonskys' house to marry Princess Mary for him (an episode with Mademoiselle Bourienne). And his attitude towards Natasha Rostova is so low and immoral that it does not need any comments. Helen completes the family gallery with dignity - she is a predator woman, ready to marry for the sake of money and position in society, and then treat her husband cruelly.

The absence of connections, spiritual closeness makes this family formal, that is, people living in it are relatives only by blood, but there is no spiritual kinship, human closeness in this house, and therefore, it can be assumed that such a family cannot cultivate a moral attitude to life.

Bolkonsky.

The head of the family, the old Prince Bolkonsky, establishes a meaningful life in the Bald Mountains. He is all in the past - he is a true aristocrat, and all the traditions of the aristocracy are carefully preserved by him.

It must be noted that real life is also in the field of attention of the old prince - his awareness of modern events surprises even his son. An ironic attitude to religion and sentimentality brings father and son closer. The death of a prince, according to Tolstoy, is a retribution for his despotism. Bolkonsky lives "by the mind", an intellectual atmosphere reigns in the house. Even the old prince himself teaches his daughter the exact and historical sciences. But, despite a number of the prince's eccentricities, his children - Prince Andrei and Princess Marya - love and respect their father, forgiving him some tactlessness and harshness. Perhaps this is the phenomenon of the Bolkonsky family - unconditional respect and acceptance of all older family members, unaccountable, sincere, in some ways even sacrificial love of family members for each other (Princess Marya decided for herself that she would not think about personal happiness so as not to leave the father alone).

The relations that have developed in this family, according to Tolstoy, contribute to the education of such feelings as respect, devotion, human dignity, and patriotism.

On the example of the Rostov family, Tolstoy presents his ideal of family life, good relations between all family members. The Rostovs live "the life of the heart", not requiring a special mind from each other, easily and naturally relating to life's troubles. They are characterized by a truly Russian desire for breadth and scope. All members of the Rostov family are characterized by liveliness and immediacy. The turning point in the life of the family is the departure from. Moscow in 1812, the decision to give the carts intended for the export of property to the transport of the wounded, which in fact was the ruin of the Rostovs. Old man Rostov dies with a sense of guilt for the ruin of his children, but with a sense of fulfilled patriotic duty. Children in the Rostov family inherit the best qualities from their parents - sincerity, openness, selflessness, the desire to love the whole world and all of humanity.

And yet, it is probably no coincidence that in the epilogue of the novel, Tolstoy talks about two young families.

Nikolai Rostov and Marya Bolkonskaya.

The love of these people is born at the moment of trouble hanging over the fatherland. Nikolai and Marya are characterized by a commonality in the perception of people. This is a union in which the husband and wife are spiritually enriched. Nikolai makes Marya happy, and she brings kindness and tenderness to the family.

Natasha Rostova and Pierre Bezukhov.

The purpose of their love is marriage, family and children. Here Tolstoy describes an idyll - an intuitive understanding of a loved one. The charm of Natasha the girl is clear to everyone, the charm of Natasha the woman is only to her husband. Each of them finds in love and family exactly what he has been striving for all his life - the meaning of his life, which, according to Tolstoy, for a woman lies in motherhood, and for a man - in awareness of himself as a support for a weaker person, his need.

Summing up the reasoning, it can be noted that the theme of the family, its significance in the formation of a person's character for Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" is one of the most important. The author tries to explain many features and patterns in the life of his characters by belonging to one or another family. At the same time, he emphasizes great importance families in the formation of both a young person and his character, and an adult person. Only in the family does a person receive everything that subsequently determines his character, habits, worldview and attitude.

2. The theme of the death of "noble nests" in the play by A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard".

A.P. Chekhov more than once approached the theme of the collapse of noble nests in his works. The author writes about the impending death of noble nests in the stories “In the estate”, “Someone else's misfortune”, “In the native corner”, “At acquaintances”, etc.

In the play The Cherry Orchard, Chekhov, as it were, generalizes the theme of the death of noble nests and sums up his reflections on the fate of the nobility.

We have a typical noble estate surrounded by an old cherry orchard. “What an amazing garden! White masses of flowers, blue sky! .. ”- the heroine of the play Ranevskaya says enthusiastically.

Noble Nest living the last days. The estate was not only mortgaged, but also re-mortgaged. Soon, in case of non-payment of interest, it will go under the hammer. What are the owners doing to save the estate? And what are these last owners of the cherry orchard, living more in the past than in the present?

In the past, this was a wealthy noble family who traveled to Paris on horseback and at whose balls generals, barons, admirals danced. Ranevskaya even had a dacha in the south of France in Meton.

The past now stands before Lyubov Andreevna in the form of a blooming cherry orchard, which is to be sold for debts.

Lopakhin offers the owners of the estate a sure way to save the estate: break the cherry orchard into plots and rent it out as summer cottages. But from the point of view of lordly concepts, this means seems unacceptable, offensive to honor and family traditions. It also contradicts noble ethics. “The dacha and summer residents are so vulgar, sorry,” Ranevskaya arrogantly declares to Lopakhin. The poetry of the cherry orchard and its noble past obscure life and the demands of practical calculation from the owners of the estate.

Lack of will, unsuitability, romantic enthusiasm, mental instability, inability to live characterize Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya. The personal life of this heroine was unsuccessful. Having lost her husband and son, she settled abroad and spends money on a man who deceived and robbed her.

In the character of Ranevskaya, at first glance, there are many good features. She is charming, loves nature and music. According to the reviews of others, she is a “kind, nice” woman, simple and direct.

She is trusting and sincere to the point of enthusiasm. But in her spiritual experiences there is no depth, her moods are fleeting, she is sentimental and easily passes from tears to carefree laughter. She seems to be sensitive and attentive to people. And meanwhile, what spiritual emptiness is hidden behind this external complacency, what indifference and indifference to everything that goes beyond the boundaries of the cherry orchard and her personal well-being.

Ranevskaya is essentially selfish and indifferent to people. While her domestic servants "have nothing to eat", Ranevskaya litters money right and left and even arranges a ball that no one needs.

Her life is empty and aimless, although she talks a lot about her tender love for people, for the cherry orchard.

The same as Ranevskaya, weak-willed, useless in life. her brother Gaev is also a human being. All his life he lived on the estate, doing nothing. He himself admits that he ate his fortune on candy. His only occupation is billiards. He is all immersed in thoughts about various combinations of billiard moves.

In contrast to his sister, Gaev is somewhat rude. Lord's arrogance towards others is heard in his words "who?", "boor".

Both Ranevskaya and Gaev are people who are used to living carelessly without working, they cannot even comprehend the tragedy of their situation. They don't have a future. These are the last representatives of the degenerate nobility.

Another significant figure for understanding the problem of the death of noble nests is the servant Firs. A product of the serf era, he lives on memories of a happy past. He is full of worries about his master and takes care of him like a small child. “Again, they put on the wrong trousers. And what am I to do with you?" - he addresses the fifty-year-old Gaev.

The fact that Firs found himself in a boarded-up house and, in fact, doomed to death is a symbolic episode in the play. His death coincides with the death of the cherry orchard, marks the end of the era of noble nests.

3. Originality artistic world one of the poets of the Silver Age (on the example of 2-3 poems at the choice of the examinee).

The "Silver Age" - in comparison with the "golden" age of Pushkin - is usually called in the history of Russian poetry, literature and art the end of the 19th - the beginning of the 20th century. The conditional chronological boundaries of this phenomenon can be determined by two phenomena significant for literature: Dostoevsky's speech about Pushkin (1880) - Blok's speech "On the Appointment of the Poet" (1921). The names of Pushkin and Dostoevsky are associated with two main trends in Russian literature of both the Silver Age and the entire 20th century - harmonic and tragic. The roll call of two centuries of Russian poetry - Pushkin's "golden" and "silver" - sounds in the best poets of the early 20th century, who grew up and formed under the influence of Pushkin, whose innovation increased on the basis of an excellent knowledge of Russian poetic classics. This was especially evident in the work of Valery Bryusov, Marina Tsvetaeva, Anna Akhmatova, Alexander Blok, Sergei Yesenin, Vladimir Mayakovsky ... Each of them has his own Pushkin.

Symbolism, that is, a new form of romanticism, became the dominant artistic worldview and style of the Silver Age.

The origins of new trends in Russian literature of the Silver Age (modernism) go back to the 80s - a time of deaf timelessness. The poetry of those years is represented by the names of S. Nadson, K. Sluchevsky, A. Apukhtin and K. Fofanov. Their work is marked by transitional properties: realistic poetics is gradually replaced by romantic, and the oppressive atmosphere of modern reality is increasingly perceived in the light of romantic ideals.

The poets of the eighties largely prepared the ground for the emergence of the so-called decadents of the 90s: D. Merezhkovsky, Z. Gippius, F. Sologub, V. Bryusov, K. Balmont, I. Annensky. Decadence in this case meant a break with the ideological heritage of revolutionary democracy and populism, a focus on the complex inner world own "I" and a special kind of aestheticism associated with the disease of beauty.

A particularly significant role - in comprehending the high ideals of love, goodness and beauty - was played by the great Russian philosopher and remarkable poet V. Solovyov, whose spiritual legacy had a profound impact on the poetry of Russian symbolists, primarily A. Blok and A. Bely.

In the poetry of the Silver Age, it is customary to distinguish three main currents: symbolism, acmeism, futurism.

For symbolists, the main idea of ​​art (poetry) is the comprehension of the secrets of the world, the image of the world through a system of symbols-images.

The Symbolists were replaced by the Acmeists, who proclaimed that “for the Acmeists, the conscious meaning of the word, “logos”, is as beautiful a form as music is for the Symbolists” (O. Mandelstam).

Futurists are the next stage in the development of poetry at the beginning of the century. “Only we are the face of our Time. The horn of time blows us in verbal art.

One of the representatives of the poetry of the Silver Age is Igor Severyanin.

Igor Severyanin ( real name Lotarev) was born in 1887 in St. Petersburg. Later, with his family, he moved to the Novgorod province, and then in 1904 he returned to St. Petersburg again.

Severyanin's poetic biography begins in 1907. It is then that the poet determines his place:

Do not change the intended path,

And remember: who, why and where you are.

The poet liked, in his own words, to stun the public with self-praise:

I, the genius Igor - Severyanin,

Intoxicated by his victory.

With such verses, Igor Severyanin caused a very ambiguous attitude towards himself and towards his work. For many, his name was associated with self-praise, even the term "northernerism" appeared.

In 1915, during the First World War, sensing the approach of upheavals, the poet writes:

All the more painful, all the more painful.

And fortunately the path is already, and the horror is already on it.

Igor Severyanin takes the October Revolution and the civil war hard. He's writing:

The days of party strife are bleak for us

among wicked people.

Since 1918, Severyanin by chance finds himself in exile in Estonia, and from that time until 1941, that is, until his death, he lives in a foreign land.

The theme of the Motherland for the Severyanin becomes the main one. Poems about the native land, about the tragedy of the people who got a difficult fate are penetrating. The poet worries with Russia, passing through his heart all her pains and sufferings:

My godless Russia, my sacred country.

Severyanin has a cycle of poems dedicated to Russian writers: Gogol, Fet, Gumilyov, Sologub. There is a poem that the poet writes about himself and calls him without false modesty "Igor Severyanin". In February 1918, at one of the evenings at the Polytechnic Museum, he was called "the king of poets."

His poems dedicated to a beautiful lady are full of charm. The poem "Kenzel" cannot but delight the reader:

In a noisy moire dress, in a noisy moire dress

Along the lunar alley you pass the sea ...

Your dress is exquisite, your talma is azure,

And the sandy path from the foliage is patterned.

Severyanin's poems are musical, distinguished by great melodiousness and peculiar lyricism. He called his oral performances "poetic concerts", and, according to his contemporaries, he almost sang his poems. The poet often resorted to a combination of "high" and "low" style. Characteristic in this regard is the poem "Lilac Ice Cream":

Lilac ice cream! Lilac ice cream!

Half a portion of ten kopecks, four kopecks bush.

Madams, sirs, is it necessary? - not expensive - you can without debate ...

Eat a delicate, square: you will like the goods!

From his youth, Igor Severyanin strove to be only a poet - and no one else. He wanted to achieve the highest poetic glory - he did. And in the difficult years of forced emigration, he could only remain what he had been all his life - a poet who knew how to translate everyday life phenomena into revelations of the Russian word.

The purpose of the lesson: to show Kuprin's skill in depicting the world of human feelings; the role of the detail in the story.

Lesson equipment: recording of Beethoven's Second Sonata.

Methodological techniques: commented reading, analytical conversation.

During the classes.

I. Teacher's word

The story "Garnet Bracelet", written by Kuprin in 1910, is dedicated to one of the main themes of his work - love. The epigraph contained the first musical line from Beethoven's Second Sonata. Let us recall the statement of Nazansky, the hero of the Duel, that love is a talent akin to a musical one. (It is possible to listen to a musical excerpt.) The work is based on a real fact - the love story of a modest official for a secular lady, the mother of the writer L. Lyubimov.

II. Story prototypes

The teacher reads the following excerpt from the memoirs of L. Lyubimov:
“In the period between her first and second marriages, my mother began to receive letters, the author of which did not identify himself and emphasized that the difference in social status did not allow him to count on reciprocity, expressed his love for her. These letters were kept in my family for a long time, and I read them in my youth. An anonymous lover, as it turned out later - Yellow (in Zheltkov's story), wrote that he served on the telegraph office (at Kuprin, Prince Shein jokingly decides that only some telegraph operator can write like that), in one letter he reported that under the guise the polisher entered my mother’s apartment and described the situation (in Kuprin’s story, Shein again jokingly tells how Zheltkov, disguised as a chimney sweep and smeared with soot, enters Princess Vera’s boudoir). The tone of the messages was sometimes pompous, sometimes grouchy. He was either angry with my mother, or thanked her, although she did not react in any way to his explanations ...
At first, these letters amused everyone, but then (they came almost every day for two or three years) my mother even stopped reading them, and only my grandmother laughed for a long time, opened in the morning another message from a telegraph operator in love.
And then there was a denouement: an anonymous correspondent sent my mother a garnet bracelet. My uncle<...>and my father, who was then my mother's fiancé, went to Yellow. All this happened not in the Black Sea city, like Kuprin, but in St. Petersburg. But Yellow, like Zheltkov, did indeed live on the sixth floor. “The spit on the stairs,” writes Kuprin, “smelled of mice, cats, kerosene and laundry” - all this corresponds to what I heard from my father. Yellow huddled in a shabby attic. He was caught writing another message. Like Kuprin's Shein, the father was more silent during the explanation, looking "with bewilderment and greedy, serious curiosity into the face of this strange man." My father told me that he felt in Yellow some kind of secret, a flame of genuine selfless passion. Uncle, again like Kuprin's Nikolai Nikolaevich, got excited, was unnecessarily harsh. Yellow accepted the bracelet and grimly promised not to write to my mother again. This is how it all ended. In any case, we do not know anything about his further fate.
L. Lyubimov. In a foreign land, 1963

III. Analytical conversation of a comparative nature

How artistically transformed Kuprin real story heard by him in the family of a high-ranking official Lyubimov?
- What social barriers (and are they the only ones?) push the hero's love into the sphere of an inaccessible dream?
- Is it possible to say that the dream of Kuprin himself about an ideal, unearthly feeling was expressed in the "Garnet Bracelet"?
- Is there a connection between the garnet bracelet that the hero of the story gives to Vera Sheina and the "ruby bracelet" from Kuprin's late poem "Forever"?
- Compare the understanding of love in the works of Kuprin and Bunin (on the material of Kuprin's Olesya's "Duel", "Garnet Bracelet" and Bunin's stories "Sunstroke" and " Clean Monday"). What brings these two writers of the same age together and how do they sharply differ in other components of creativity - the processing of life material, the degree of metaphorical prose, "plot construction", the nature of conflicts?

IV. Conversation on the story "Garnet Bracelet"

- How Kuprin draws main character story, Princess Vera Nikolaevna Sheina?
(The heroine's external inaccessibility, impregnability is stated at the beginning of the story by her title and position in society - she is the wife of the marshal of the nobility. But Kuprin shows the heroine against the backdrop of clear, sunny, warm days, in silence and solitude, which Vera rejoices, reminding, perhaps, of love for solitude and the beauty of nature Tatyana Larina (also, by the way, a princess in marriage).We see that outwardly royally calm, with everyone "coldly and condescendingly kind", with a "cold and proud face" princess (compare with the description of Tatyana in St. Petersburg , chapter eight, stanza XX “But an indifferent princess, / But an impregnable goddess / Luxurious, regal Neva”) - a subtly feeling, delicate, selfless person: she tries to quietly help her husband “make ends meet”, observing decency, still saving , since "I had to live above my means. " She dearly loves her younger sister (the author himself, chapter II, emphasizes their obvious dissimilarity both in appearance and in character), with a "sense of strong, true, truth friendship" refers to her husband, childishly affectionate with "grandfather General Anosov, a friend of their father.)

- What technique does the author use to highlight the appearance in Zheltkov's story more clearly?
(Kuprin “gathers all the characters in the story, with the exception of Zheltkov, for the name day of Princess Vera. A small community of people pleasant to each other celebrates the name day, but Vera suddenly notes that there are thirteen guests, and this alarms her: “she was superstitious.”)

- What gifts did Vera receive? What is their significance?
(The princess receives not just expensive, but lovingly chosen gifts: “beautiful earrings made of pear-shaped pearls” from her husband, “a small notebook in an amazing binding ... the love work of the hands of a skillful and patient artist ”from my sister.)

- What does Zheltkov's gift look like against this background? What is its value?
(Zheltkov’s gift is “gold, low-grade, very thick, but puffy and completely covered on the outside with small old, poorly polished grenades” the bracelet looks like a tasteless trinket. But its meaning and value are different. Thick red grenades under electric light light up alive lights, and Vera comes to mind: "Just like blood! - this is another disturbing omen. Zheltkov gives the most valuable thing he has - a family jewel.)

- What is the symbolic sound of this detail?
(This is a symbol of his hopeless, enthusiastic, disinterested, reverent love. Let us recall the gift left by Olesya to Ivan Timofeevich - a string of red beads.)

How does the theme of love develop in the story?
(At the beginning of the story, the feeling of love is parodied. Vera’s husband, Prince Vasily Lvovich, a cheerful and witty man, jokes with Zheltkov, who is still unfamiliar to him, showing the guests a humorous album with a telegraph operator’s “love story” for the princess. However, the end of this funny story turns out to be almost prophetic: “Finally he dies, but before his death, he bequeaths to give Vera two telegraph buttons and a perfume bottle filled with his tears.
Further, the theme of love is revealed in inserted episodes and acquires a tragic connotation. General Anosov tells his love story, which he will remember forever - short and simple, which in retelling seems to be just a vulgar adventure of an army officer. “I don’t see true love. And I didn’t see it in my time!” - says the general and gives examples of ordinary, vulgar unions of people concluded according to one or another calculation. “Where is the love? Love disinterested, selfless, not waiting for a reward? The one about which it is said - “strong as death”? .. Love should be a tragedy. The greatest secret in the world!" Anosov talks about tragic cases similar to such love. The conversation about love led to the story of the telegrapher, and the general felt its truth: “maybe your life path, Verochka, has crossed exactly the kind of love that women dream of and that men are no longer capable of.”)

- How is Zheltkov and his love portrayed by the author? What theme, traditional for Russian literature, is developed by Kuprin?
(Kuprin develops the theme of the “little man”, traditional for Russian literature. An official with the funny surname Zheltkov, quiet and inconspicuous, not only grows into tragic hero, he, by the power of his love, rises above petty fuss, life's conveniences, decency. He turns out to be a man in no way inferior in nobility to aristocrats. Love lifted him up. Love has become suffering, the only meaning of life. “It so happened that I am not interested in anything in life: neither politics, nor science, nor philosophy, nor concern for the future happiness of people - for me, all life lies only in you,” he writes in a farewell letter to Princess Vera. Departing from life, Zheltkov blesses his beloved: "Hallowed be thy name." Here you can see blasphemy - after all, these are the words of a prayer. Love for the hero is above everything earthly, it is of divine origin. No "decisive measures" and "appeals to the authorities" can make people fall out of love. Not a shadow of resentment or complaint in the words of the hero, only gratitude for the "great happiness" - love.)

- What is the significance of the image of the hero after his death?
(The dead Zheltkov acquires deep importance, ... as if, before parting with life, he had learned some deep and sweet secret that solved his whole human life. "The face of the deceased reminds Vera of the death masks of" the great sufferers - Pushkin and Napoleon. "Thus Kuprin shows the great talent of love, equating it with the talents of recognized geniuses.)

What is the mood of the finale of the story? What role does music play in creating this mood?
(The ending of the story is elegiac, imbued with a feeling of light sadness, not tragedy. Zheltkov dies, but Princess Vera awakens to life, something that was not available before was revealed to her, that very “great love that repeats once every thousand years.” The heroes “loved each other only one moment, but forever.” Music plays an important role in awakening the soul of Vera.
Beethoven's second sonata is consonant with Vera's mood, through the music her soul seems to connect with the soul of Zheltkov.)

V. Final word of the teacher

A special case is poeticized by Kuprin. The author talks about love, which is repeated "only once in a thousand years." Love, according to Kuprin, "is always a tragedy, always a struggle and achievement, always joy and fear, resurrection and death." The tragedy of love, the tragedy of life only emphasize their beauty.
Let us think about the words of Kuprin from a letter to F. D. Batyushkov (1906): “Individuality is expressed not in strength, not in dexterity, not in mind, not in talent, not in creativity. But in love!
The melody of Beethoven's Second Sonata sounds.

VI. Homework

Prepare for an essay based on the story of A. I. Kuprin.

Essay topics:
1. My thoughts about the read story by A. I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet".
2. "... what was it: love or madness?" (According to the story "Garnet Bracelet")

Additional material (work on an essay)

1. Stages of work on an essay

In the process of discussion, students name eight stages of preparing for an essay:
1) thinking about the topic of the essay;
2) definition of the main idea of ​​the essay;
3) definition of the genre of the work;
4) selection of material (citations, statements, etc.);
5) drawing up an essay plan;
b) thinking about the introduction to the main part;
7) drawing up a detailed plan of the main part;
8) analysis of the conclusion.

(“I chose the first topic. The main word in it, on which I must rely in my work on the essay, is “thoughts”: my thoughts about the characters and their feelings. I will write my essay in the genre of writing, the addressee of which is the author of the work - A. I. Kuprin, since I think that, referring to specific person make it easier to express your thoughts.
“I chose the second topic: “... what was it: love or madness”? It is more specific than the first topic. This essay is a reasoning, therefore it must contain a thesis, that is, a thought that needs to be proved, therefore, evidence and a conclusion are needed. The main word in it is either "love" or "madness", depending on what I will prove.")

3. Formulation of the idea of ​​the essay.

(“The feelings of the poor telegraph operator Georgy Zheltkov for Vera Sheina are love, not madness.”
"I tested myself - this is not a disease, not a manic idea - this is love, which God was pleased to reward me for something."
"The rarest gift of high love became the only content of Zheltkov's life."
“I believe that Zheltkov is not a madman, not a maniac, that his feelings for Vera are not madness, this is love, and I will try to prove my opinion.”
“Your story, dear Alexander Ivanovich, will help readers distinguish true love from falling in love.”)

4. Discussion by students of the selected material to substantiate the main idea of ​​the essay.

Several students read out epigraphs written out from the text of the work of quotation, which they will use to prove the idea of ​​the essay, and try to justify their choice.
“As an epigraph to the essay, I decided to take the words of Shakespeare:
We are told by the harmony of strings in a quartet,
That the lonely way is like death.

Why did I choose this epigraph? I believe that these words echo the tragic fate of Zheltkov described in the story.
(The epigraph is lines from Tyutchev's poem:
Love, love, says the legend,
The union of the soul with the soul of the native.
Their unity, combination
And their fatal merger,
And the duel is fatal.
And than one of them is more tender

The more inevitable and more certain

It wears out at last."

“It seemed to me,” the prince said, “that I was present at the tremendous suffering from which people die, and I even realized that I was facing a dead person.” A. I. Kuprin

“I liked the words of Omar Khayyam:
Like the sun burns without burning, love.
Like a bird of heavenly paradise - love.
But not yet love - nightingale groans,
Do not moan, dying of love - love!
It is these lines, in my opinion, that convey the meaning of Kuprin's story "Garnet Bracelet" in the best possible way. They very accurately define the image of the telegraph operator Zheltkov and his feelings for Princess Vera, which is why I take them as an epigraph to my work.")

5. Drawing up an essay plan.

The plan is the framework of the essay. Without it, it is impossible to express your thoughts consistently and logically. Pupils read the prepared essay plans and comment on them.
1. Introduction. In it, I will address the writer with greetings, since I am writing my essay in the epistolary genre.
2. The main part. I called it like this: (My reasoning about love, described in the story "Garnet Bracelet":
a) General Anosov about love;
b) acquired feelings;
c) Zheltkov's love and letters;
d) soulless people;
e) the last letter;
f) sonata number two.
3. Conclusion. M. Gorky about love. The meaning of the story "Garnet Bracelet".

“I will write my essay according to this plan:
1. Introduction. The theme of love in the work of writers and poets.
2. Main part: What was it: love or madness? the main idea consists in the following words: "I believe that Zheltkov is not a madman, not a maniac, that his feelings for Vera are not madness, but love." As evidence, I cite Zheltkov's letters to Vera.
The main part consists of paragraphs.
a) the depth of Zheltkov's feelings;
b) Zheltkov's last letter;
c) the attitude of Vera's husband to Zheltkov's feelings and letters.
3. Conclusion. The meaning of the story "Garnet Bracelet".

6. Choice of entry.

The introduction is the first paragraph of the essay plan. The text starts with it. Its beginning should be bright, spectacular, arousing the interest of readers in the whole essay.
The teacher and students list and characterize the types of introductions.

1. Historical introduction (the era in which the work was created is characterized, or the history of its creation is described).
2. Analytical introduction (analyzes, explains the meaning of the word from the title of the work or from the work).
3. Biographical (important information from the biography of the writer).
4. Comparative introduction (the approach of different writers to the disclosure of the same topic is compared).
5. Lyrical introduction (on life or literary material).

(1. “Flipping through a tear-off calendar, I drew attention to a small parable by Felix Krivin. In it, he tells how one day “A blade of grass fell in love with the Sun ... Of course, it was difficult for her to count on reciprocity: the Sun has so many things on Earth, how could he notice a small, unsightly blade of grass! Yes, and a pair would be good - Blade and the Sun! But Blade thought that the couple would be good, and reached out to the Sun with all her might. She reached out so stubbornly towards him that she stretched out into a tall, slender Acacia.
“Beautiful Acacia, Wonderful Acacia, who recognizes in her the old blade of grass! That's what love does sometimes, even unrequited."
What a beautiful fairy tale... - I thought. - But it reminds me of some kind of work. And suddenly the names surfaced in my memory: the telegraph operator Zheltkov and Princess Vera ... Bylinka - Zheltkov and the Sun - Vera.
I think this is a lyrical introduction.

2. “Dear Alexander Ivanovich! An admirer of your work is writing to you. I address you with words of gratitude and respect for your wonderful creations. Of particular interest to me was your story "Garnet Bracelet". This work made a huge impression on me: I am re-reading it for the third time.
This introduction is lyrical.

3. “Love is a favorite topic of writers. In any work you can find pages dedicated to this feeling. Subtly describes Shakespeare's love in the tragedy "Romeo and Juliet", Bulgakov - in the novel "The Master and Margarita". Tyutchev has wonderful lines about love:
Love, love, says the legend,
The union of the soul with the soul of the native.
Their unity, combination
And their fatal merger,
And the duel is fatal.
And than one of them is more tender
In the struggle of unequal two hearts,
The more inevitable and more certain
Loving, suffering, passionately mleya,
It wears out at last.

Kuprin dedicates his story "Garnet Bracelet" to love.
This introduction is comparative.)
During the discussion, students identify the advantages and disadvantages of the read introductions. For example, in the last introduction, in their opinion, it is necessary to determine what kind of love is described in each of these works.

7. Thinking about options for concluding.

Students answer the question about what should be written at the end of the essay, and read their own versions of the conclusions.
1. "In conclusion, you can write about the significance of Kuprin's work, give statements about the writer and his work, express your opinion about the story you read."
2. "Years will pass, but the ideal of love as a manifestation of the highest spiritual power of man will continue to live in the mind of Kuprin and be embodied in his new works."
3. "This story is designed for a sophisticated reader who can deeply understand the soul of Kuprin's heroes."

Love is a simple yet unique feeling. “God is love,” the Bible says. This feeling determines the whole life of a person, fills it with meaning, makes it happy or unhappy.
At all times, writers have made love an object for observation, description, research, and admiration. A great example of this is the Russian classic literature 19th century. Writers of the 20th century continued these traditions, introducing their own, individual perception into the understanding of the feeling of love, sharing their vision of this problem.
A. I. Kuprin created original works

About love, included in the classics of Russian literature of the 20th century. This writer considered love to be the most important feeling in a person's life, making him immensely happy and bringing him closer to God.
One of the most famous and striking works of the writer on this topic is the story “Garnet Bracelet”. It tells about the sacrificial feeling of a little man who was very happy until his last days, because in his life there was an opportunity to love.
In general, the main theme of this work, in my opinion, is love. Depending on how it manifests itself in the life of the heroes of the "Garnet Bracelet", the problems of the work are built.
The image of a petty official Zheltkov is associated with the problem of sacrificial love, a real strong feeling. This hero accepts his love for Vera Nikolaevna Sheina as a gift from God: “It’s not my fault, Vera Nikolaevna, that God wants to send me love for you as a great happiness.” Zheltkov knows that his beloved will never be with him.

The difference in their social status, education, upbringing is too great. But the hero does not need Vera Nikolaevna to be around. After all, his love is always with him.

As a sign of his feelings, Zheltkov gives Sheina the most precious thing he had: his mother's garnet bracelet.
The image of this bracelet is symbolic: “It was gold, low-grade, very thick, but puffy and completely covered on the outside with small old, poorly polished garnets, ...., each the size of a pea.” The bracelet itself is unsightly and unattractive for a person with exquisite taste. But, at the same time, this jewelry contains ancient garnets, beautiful stones of the color of blood and passion. So Zheltkov, unremarkable in appearance, hid in himself huge reserves of love, not available to everyone in this world.

So his love, despite everything, was strong, pure, sincere. She was real...
Zheltkov decides to die, because he cannot and does not want to live without Vera Nikolaevna. Without the princess, he has no other purpose for existence. But even the hero leaves life with great love in his heart, with the words that become key in the work: “Hallowed be thy name!”
Another aspect of the theme of love is connected with the image of Princess Vera Nikolaevna Sheina. This woman is an independent, calm, cold beauty: “... Vera went to her mother, a beautiful Englishwoman, with her tall flexible figure, gentle but cold face, beautiful, although rather large hands, which can be seen in old miniatures.”
The heroine wants love, understands all its meaning for a person, but she is too cold and impassive. Vera Nikolaevna is simply not capable of falling in love. With her husband, she is more friendly than a love relationship.

This woman has no children, probably because there is no love. But Vera Nikolaevna is able to appreciate the true feeling. That is why she becomes the meaning for a person who is worthy of true love: she becomes the object of Zheltkov's adoration.
But at the end of the story, Vera Nikolaevna is left with only a garnet bracelet and ... a memory. It is very difficult for her to realize that she did not see, did not feel such love, which “repeats only once in a thousand years”, much earlier. This heroine is left with only regrets.
Unhappy in love and the sister of Vera Nikolaevna, Anna Nikolaevna. She, unlike Vera, has a passionate temperament and hot nature. But Anna is also unhappy in marriage.

She despises her rich but stupid husband and indulges in flirting in all the capitals of the world. Anna Nikolaevna has children, but they also grow up weak and “anemic”. All this is because it seems to me that in life and this heroine there is no true love.
In general, the entire Shein family is unhappy in this respect. The elder brother of the heroines, Prince Nikolai Nikolaevich Shein, is not married and is not going to do this.
It is interesting that the action of the story takes place in autumn and is preceded by a description of the withering nature. This landscape is very symbolic: the Russian nobility withers and dies spiritually. It is no longer capable of deep feelings, of true love.
Of particular importance in the story is the image of a “fat, tall, silver old man” - General Anosov. It is this person who makes Vera Nikolaevna take the love of a mysterious stranger more seriously. It is to this hero that the prophetic words belong: “... Maybe your life path, Verochka, was crossed precisely by the kind of love with which women dream and which men are no longer capable of.” I think Anosov is a symbol of the wise older generation.

That generation, when, according to Kuprin, they still knew how to love ...

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The talent of love in the works of A. I. Kuprin (based on the story “Garnet Bracelet”) Author information

Klimov Sergey Alexandrovich

Place of work, position:

Bilyar secondary school, teacher of Russian language and literature

Republic of Tatarstan

Characteristics of the lesson (classes)

The level of education:

Basic general education

The target audience:

Teacher (teacher)

Class(es):

Item(s):

Literature

The purpose of the lesson:

Nurturing: nurture love for artistic word; induce responsibility for the expression of human feelings, self-cultivation. Developing: to develop the creative abilities of students, the culture of dialogical communication during the discussion of the story, to develop the ability to highlight the main thing, to generalize and draw conclusions. Educational: to show Kuprin's skill in depicting the world of human feelings; the role of the detail in the story.

Lesson type:

Combined lesson

Students in the class (audience):

Used textbooks and study guides:

1. “Pourochnye developments in the literature of the twentieth century; Grade 11, 1 semester. - 4th ed., revised. And additional - M .; WAKO, 2005.

Used methodical literature:

1. L. Lyubimov "In a foreign land"; M.; 1963.

2. Chalmaev V.A., Zinin S.A. “Russian literature of the twentieth century: Textbook for grade 11: In 2 hours, Part 1. - 2nd ed., corrected. And additional - M .: "TID "Russian Word-RS", 2003.

3. The story of A.I. Kuprin "Garnet bracelet".

Used equipment:

recording of Beethoven's Second Sonata, overhead projector, portrait of AI Kuprin.

Short description:

Consolidation of material on the work of Kuprin

During the classes:

- organizational moment.

1) Teacher's word:

The story "Garnet Bracelet", written by Kuprin in 1910, is dedicated to one of the main themes of his work - love. The epigraph contained the first musical line from Beethoven's Second Sonata. Let us recall the statement of Nazansky, the hero of the "Duel", that love is a talent akin to a musical one. The work is based on real fact - history the love of a modest official for a secular lady, the mother of the writer L. Lyubimov.

2) Story prototypes:

Reading an excerpt from the memoirs of L. Lyubimov:

“In the period between her first and second marriages, my mother began to receive letters, the author of which, without naming himself and emphasizing that the difference in social status does not allow him to count on reciprocity, expressed his love for her. These letters were kept in my family for a long time, and I read them in my youth. An anonymous lover, as it turned out later, Yellow (in Zheltkov's story), wrote that he worked at the telegraph office, in one letter he said that under the guise of a floor polisher he entered my mother's apartment, and described the situation. The tone of the messages was grumbling. He was either angry with my mother, or thanked her, although she did not react to his explanations in any way ...

At first, these letters amused everyone, but then my mother stopped even reading them, and only my grandmother laughed for a long time, opening the next message from the telegraph operator in love.

And then there was a denouement: an anonymous correspondent sent my mother a garnet bracelet. My uncle and father, who was then my mother's fiancé, went to Zheltkov. But Yellow, like Zheltkov, lived on the sixth floor. He huddled in a shabby attic. He was caught writing another message. Father is more silent while explaining. He told me that he sensed some secret in Yellow, a flame of genuine selfless passion. Uncle got excited, was unnecessarily harsh. Yellow accepted the bracelet and grimly promised not to write to my mother again. This is how it all ended. In any case, nothing is known about his further fate.

3) Analytical conversation of a comparative nature:

How did Kuprin artistically transform the real story he heard in the family of a high-ranking official, Lyubimov?

What social barriers push the hero's love into the realm of an inaccessible dream?

Is it possible to say that the dream of Kuprin himself about an ideal, unearthly feeling was expressed in the “Garnet Bracelet”?

4) Conversation on the story "Garnet Bracelet".

-How does Kuprin draw the main character of the story, Princess Vera Nikolaevna Sheina?

(The external inaccessibility, inaccessibility of the heroine is stated at the beginning of the story by her title and position in society - she is the wife of the marshal of the nobility. But Kuprin shows the heroine against the backdrop of clear, sunny days, in the silence and solitude that Vera rejoices in, recalling, perhaps, her love for solitude. She is a sensitive, delicate, selfless person. She dearly loves her younger sister, with a "sense of strong, faithful, true friendship" refers to her husband, childishly affectionate with "grandfather", General Anosov, a friend of their father).

(Kuprin “gathers” all the characters in the story, with the exception of Zheltkov, for the name day of Princess Vera. A small community of people who are pleasant to each other cheerfully celebrate the name day, but Vera suddenly notes that there are thirteen guests, and this alarms her: “she was superstitious”).

- What gifts did Vera receive? What is their significance?

(She receives not just expensive, but lovingly chosen gifts: “beautiful pear-shaped pearl earrings” from her husband, “a small notebook in an amazing binding ... the love work of a skillful and patient artist” from her sister).

-What does Zheltkov's gift look like against this background? What is its value?

(Gift from Zheltkov - “golden, low-grade, very thick, but puffy and completely covered on the outside with small old, poorly polished garnets” bracelet looks like a tasteless trinket. But its meaning and value are different. Thick red garnets under electric light light up alive lights, and Vera comes to mind: "Just like blood!" - this is another disturbing omen. Zheltkov gives the most valuable thing he has - a family jewel).

What is the symbolic meaning of this detail?

(This is a symbol of his hopeless, enthusiastic, selfless love).

How does the theme of love develop in the story?

(At the beginning of the story, the feeling of love is parodied. Vera’s husband, a cheerful and witty man, makes fun of Zheltkov, who is still unfamiliar to him, showing the guests an album with a telegraph operator’s “love story” for the princess. But the end of the story is prophetic: “Finally, he dies, but before his death bequeaths to pass two telegraph buttons and a perfume bottle filled with his tears.

Further, the theme of love takes on a tragic connotation. General Anosov tells his love story, where love is people's marriages of convenience. A conversation about love leads to the story of a telegrapher, and the general felt its truth: “Your life path, Verochka, was crossed by exactly the kind of love that women dream of and that men are not capable of”).

(Kuprin develops the theme of the “little man.” An official with the funny surname Zheltkov, quiet and inconspicuous, not only grows into a tragic hero, but by the power of his love rises above the petty vanity of life. Love elevated him. Love became suffering, the meaning of his life. Departing from life, he blesses his beloved: “Hallowed be thy name.” Love for the hero is above everything earthly, it is of divine origin).

-What is the significance of the image of the hero after his death?

(The dead Zheltkov acquires "deep importance." The face of the deceased resembles the death masks of the "great sufferers - Pushkin and Napoleon." So Kuprin shows the talent of love, equating it with the talents of recognized geniuses)

What is the mood of the finale of the story? What role does music play in creating this mood?

( The final is imbued with a feeling of light sadness. Zheltkov dies, but Vera awakens, love is revealed to her. Music plays an important role in awakening the soul of Vera. Beethoven's second sonata is consonant with the mood of Ver, through music her soul unites with the soul of Zheltkov).

5) Final word from the teacher:

The author talks about love, which is repeated "only once in a thousand years." The tragedy of love, the tragedy of life only emphasizes this. Kuprin wrote: “Individuality is expressed not in strength, not in dexterity, not in mind, not in talent, not in creativity. But in love!

The melody of Beethoven's Second Sonata sounds .

- summarizing the lesson (active students receive grades in a diary and in a journal).

-Homework:

Prepare for writing an essay on the work of A.I. Kuprin.