Genre features of A. Vampilov's play "Duck Hunt". "Features of the dramaturgy of A.V. Vampilov - themes conflicts, artistic, decisions (Based on the play "Duck Hunt") "Creative Association of the Young"

Vampilov is a playwright who wrote worthy plays, among which, and duck hunting Alexandra Vampilova.

Vampilov duck hunting

Vampilov's play was written in 1971. This vivid work tells us about the values ​​of the past generation, the generation of the thaw. Studying the work of the playwright, we see that Vampilov in Duck Hunt created characters with different characters that puzzle the reader, and in the past even caused public concern. Speaking of positive and negative characters, then there are none here, they are all neutral.

Here we meet Dima, who was confident in himself. There is also a defiant Faith. A sash that lived in perpetual fear. Of course, the most vivid image works is the image of Zilov, who is the main character. We get acquainted with the plot of the book through the prism of the memories of the protagonist. He recalls the past days after his friends joked about him by sending a funeral wreath with the inscription: Zilov, who died untimely at work.

Zilov himself appears before us in the form of a man tired of life, although he is only a thirty-year-old young man. He is healthy and may well be of benefit to society, but no. There are no values ​​for him. Already at the beginning we learn that he made some kind of scandal in a cafe. When friends come to his house for housewarming, he cannot even answer what is important for him in life. His own friends are responsible for him, who remind him of the hunt.

We see that Zilov likes to drink and eat, talking about work is boring. This is a man who did not find time to visit his sick father. He died without waiting for his son. Zilov loves to follow girls, he easily cheats on his wife, who wanted everything to work out for them, but this does not happen, and she goes to a childhood friend.

Reading the work Duck Hunt, there is an ambiguous opinion about the hero. It would seem an insignificant person who does not know how to love, who can be called a bastard, sincerity and indifference, charm and lies, daydreaming and cunning are intertwined in him. When it comes to hunting, his passion, he transforms. Hunting for him is like a Muse for creative person. He talks about her like a poet and waits for her, as a relief from boredom. Waiting as freedom, as a dream come true, as an opportunity to relax, get rid of the bustle of the city. For him, hunting, which he goes on his vacation, is like a period of respite, an opportunity to start living in a new way. That's just the new does not come, but all because Zilov does not care about anything. He is tired of everything, everything is indifferent, and as his wife said, he has no heart.

Vampilov's work is interesting and at the same time has an unexpected ending, because it is not for nothing that the writer was called the master of open endings. So in the Duck Story, our hero falls on the bed and either cries or laughs there, but we won’t know about it. And then he calms down and, as if nothing had happened, agrees to go hunting.

Duck hunting summary

It all started with a call. He woke up Zilov, but the hero did not pick up the phone. Only after a while did he call Dima to find out about the scandal that the hero caused in the cafe. After a conversation, a boy calls at Zilov's door and hands over a funeral wreath from friends who decided to play a joke on the hero. And then we get acquainted with the memories of a man. First, he remembers a cafe where he often meets with friends during a break. Here is his boss, and his mistress, and a friend. Zilov invites all of them to a housewarming party, because the Zilovs recently received an apartment.

In the evening, everyone gathered at the Zilovs, bringing gifts. At the table, everyone taunts the hero.

Further, Zilov recalls how he and Sayapin were supposed to prepare a report, but the information turned out to be false. However, he doesn't care, he persuades Sayapin to sign the report and hands it over to the director, not fearing the consequences. Zilov receives a letter from his father, but does not react in any way to the content, which says that the old man is very sick. Especially since he had already planned a hunting trip during his vacation. Then a certain Irina appears, who was looking for a newspaper publisher, but confused the offices, getting into the office where Zilov worked. A man meets Irina and they start an affair.

We learn that Zilov does not spend the night at home, and then tells his wife about the business trip, although everyone saw him in the city. The hero justifies himself, lies on lies. He learns from his wife that she was pregnant, but had an abortion. The news didn't bother him much. Further, in order to soften his wife a little, he begins to remember the past when they first met, but later he could not remember a very important moment in their life, which brought his wife to tears.

Zilov recalls how at work the director called him to him about a fake report. The man takes the blame, but the angry director was calmed down by Sayapin's wife, who took Kushak to the football match. Here Zilov receives news of his father's death. Before leaving, Zilov visits a cafe where a meeting with Irina is scheduled, his wife also came here. So Irina learns that the hero is married.

Alexander Vampilov has the fate of an ordinary Soviet person, and his thoughts, actions and creativity seem to be from another era. Friends called him the "rope walker". All his life he balanced on the verge of the ordinary and the risky, looking for his own special way and never pretended. Today he is called the last Russian playwright of the world level. We know this writer as the author of well-known plays and stories, although he did not have time to write his main work. Unforeseen tragedy prevented this talented person in life to know well-deserved success and recognition.

Biography

The future writer Alexander Vampilov was born on August 19, 1937 in Irkutsk region. His family consisted of representatives different peoples: mother is Russian, father is Buryat, a very intelligent and educated person, graduated with honors from the university, knew several languages, and later was appointed director of a school in the village of Kutulik, where his wife also worked as a teacher. Little Sasha became their fourth child.

However, harsh reality soon intervened, a few months after the birth of his son, the elder Vampilov was accused of almost treason. The verdict in such cases is one - execution. And now a large family had to live only on a small salary of the mother.

The father was rehabilitated 19 years later, but for a long time the children had to live under the sidelong glances of others, because they were relatives of the enemy of the people. Perhaps it was these difficult childhood events that tempered young man, helped him to clearly see the goal in life.

After leaving school, Alexander Vampilov is trying to enter the Irkutsk University at the Faculty of History and Philology. He only gets it in his second year. It was here that he began his journey as a playwright and writer.

The beginning of literary activity

The atmosphere of the university was conducive to creativity, here Valentin Rasputin studied a year older. Vampilov did not become an excellent student, and, in general, he never distinguished himself by diligence in his studies, preferring to do only what he was interested in, that is, to write.

Very soon, natural charm and a lively mind helped to rally around them the same young and hot guys who wanted to compose. Sometimes their imagination knew no bounds, so on one of their trips to the collective farm they came up with the idea of ​​depicting actions with famous paintings and shoot it on camera, these photos are available now.

Friends noted his excellent ear for music, but already in his third year Vampilov Alexander Valentinovich understands his true passion - writing. At first, the desire to write was irresistible, he did not stop working even at lectures and at night.

In 1958, the young author decides to publish his first satirical story "Coincidence of Circumstances" (three years later, his only lifetime book will also be called) in the student magazine "Irkutsk University", "Soviet Youth" and "Lenin's Testaments". Vampilov did not sign his real name, but came up with a pseudonym - A. Sanin.

Journal work

While still in his fifth year, he became an employee of the popular Irkutsk newspaper "Soviet Youth". It was very difficult to get there, and even a student, but the management of the publication was already familiar with the work young writer, and therefore took him as a correspondent.

While working in the newspaper, Alexander Vampilov was able to learn a lot, get to know people, travel around the region, experiment with some journalistic genres. He was assigned to cover important regional events, such as: the construction of cities or Bratsk HPP. From the very beginning, his articles were strikingly different from other publications. He mainly chose the genre of feuilleton or essay, which allowed Vampilov to avoid hackneyed phrases and established constructions. Each of his reports was already a full-fledged story, only with real, not fictional characters.

Readers of "Soviet Youth" quickly notice this and distinguish a talented young man from other correspondents. The editors also understand the value of an employee, therefore, after receiving a diploma from Irkutsk University in 1960, Alexander Valentinovich remains to work in the newspaper.

"Creative Association of the Young"

A special creative atmosphere is established in the publishing house team, the creator of which, not least Vampilov, can be considered. Beginning authors often gathered, discussed books, shared their impressions, under the auspices of the Writers' Union they create TOM (creative association of young people). They arranged meetings with readers and students, for Alexander Valentinovich, work in the "Soviet Youth" became an excellent school of life.

Due to the special atmosphere of friendliness, youthful enthusiasm and talent, the regional newspaper was very popular among the population of the Irkutsk region.

He showed himself excellently as a leader and mentor, despite frequent business trips, he always found time to help his comrades. After two years of work, Alexander Vampilov was sent to the Higher Advanced Courses for Journalists in Moscow, where he studied for several months. It was at this time that he tried his hand at writing plays.

Care and journalism

Alexander Vampilov - the playwright did not appear immediately. Until 1964, in addition to working in the newspaper, he was mostly occupied with stories and satirical essays. Later, critics will see in his fate a repetition of the path of the great A.P. Chekhov, who once also began with prose.

His colleagues already understood that sooner or later Vampilov would leave journalism, he was already cramped in Irkutsk. Much changed in the early 60s, when the writer began to actively participate in the seminars of one-act authors. His first works in this genre were Crow Grove and One Hundred Rubles in New Money.

Alexander Vampilov, whose plays are still staged in many Russian theaters, did not immediately decide on a final break with journalism. In his own words, sometimes talent is not the main thing, it is important to make a decision to change life, and have the courage to fulfill it to the end.

This succeeds in 1964, at the same time his play "The House with Windows in the Field" was first published in the magazine. But the way to the theaters was still closed, because without special connections it is almost impossible to stage your work in Moscow.

The first productions in the theater, a well-deserved success

Everything changed in 1965, when Alexander Valentinovich was admitted to the Writers' Union at the All-Union Writers' Seminar in Chita, he was chosen from thirteen candidates.

Membership in the most influential cultural organization in Soviet Russia allowed Vampilov to make new useful contacts, especially since he was now recognized as one of the best authors in the country.

In the same year, he became close friends with Alexei Arbuzov, an influential playwright in Moscow. It is with his help that Vampilov manages to show his work on stage for the first time. True, it was not possible to make a production in the capital, the premiere of the play "Farewell in June" was held with great success in Lithuania, the drama theater of the city of Klaipeda.

His other famous plays, such as "Elder Son" and "Duck Hunt", were also well received. The viewer immediately fell in love with simple, some folk heroes. However, all this success accompanied the playwright only in the provinces, Moscow directors still did not want to stage his plays, because of which Vampilov was very worried, because he knew the value of his talent.

Only in 1970, the premiere of "The Elder Son" took place in Leningrad, but he never saw the performances of the rest of the works on the stages of famous Soviet theaters. About Alexander Vampilov they spoke in full voice only after his death - a familiar story for Russian talents.

Features of creativity

The first years of their literary activity the future playwright wrote prose. For him, it was a stage of maturation as a talented playwright, a kind of test of the pen. In total, he wrote about sixty stories, humoresques, feuilletons, essays, most of them during his work in the Irkutsk University newspaper.

Alexander Vampilov, whose stories did not receive the same popularity as plays, at the initial stage learned to understand reality, to transform it into words and ideas. In these stories, one can still see the naivety of views, the rash choice of topics, etc. But already here his special style is formed, an unusual satire, smart, with overtones. Some well-known characters appear, such as Yakov Andreyevich Chernykh, the hero of the play "Last Summer in Chulimsk". Alexander Vampilov will write it already in 1972.

While working as a correspondent, the author develops his special manner of conveying the idea of ​​the work. In essays and feuilletons, he writes about ordinary people, ordinary situations, but when reading along with everyday problems, the eternal questions of humanity imperceptibly arise. This will be especially noticeable in another work written by Alexander Vampilov. "The Elder Son", in addition to the external story of young rogues who deceived the simple-hearted old musician, contains the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe problems of the relationship between fathers and children.

Features of dramaturgy

Critics who study Vampilov's work note that his plays gravitate more towards the genre of comedy, even somewhat vaudeville. It is surprising that both the funny and the sad are presented by the author unobtrusively, with ease, and the endings of the productions never preach any kind of morality. Vampilov has always tried to avoid this, preferring to leave it up to the viewer to decide who is good or bad.

Of his five well-known plays, many still go on in theaters today, some have been filmed. Already at the time of creative maturity, he wrote "Duck Hunt". Alexander Vampilov already feels like a full-fledged artist here, it reflects all his achievements as a master of the word and as a person who has realized a lot in this world. The action, the plot and even the story that formed the basis of the play - everything is connected with the native Irkutsk region. But at the same time, the author was able to show the known realities of life.

"Last summer in Chulimsk" Alexander Vampilov wrote in the period from 1970 to 1971. In fact, it became his last major creation. It was a difficult period, he is already a well-known playwright, who is under pressure from external circumstances, these are negotiations with theaters, disputes with directors. Vampilov was burdened by the internal struggle that arose after the "Duck Hunt", the playwright considered it too incomprehensible, and even called it his creative defeat.

That's why new play he tried to make it ordinary and intelligible, much in the ideas of "Last Summer in Chulimsk" opposes the previous work. If in the first there was some kind of mystery of characters, the viewer himself thought out the image, then in the last the problem of the protagonist is explained by social conflicts.

Extraordinary personality

A year later, the two-part film "The Elder Son" based on play of the same name Vampilov. The cinema became unusually popular in the country and quickly sold out into quotes.

The last work on television based on his work "Duck Hunt" was Alexander Proshkin's drama "Paradise". The director was able to convey all the pain and nerve of Vampilov's ideas in modern reality.

Memory

After his death, the writer received well-deserved fame and recognition. In the theaters of his native Irkutsk, which had never staged a single of his plays during the life of the playwright, now there were premieres after premieres. Since 1987, festivals dedicated to the writer have been held annually. And the Irkutsk Youth Theater was named after him.

On the shore of Lake Baikal, not far from the place of death, a monument to Alexander Vampilov was erected, and a steamboat with the name of the famous playwright cruised along the lake. In 2012, in the same Irkutsk, the administration opened the Cultural Center, where anyone can get acquainted with the books and personal belongings of the writer.

His contribution to Russian literature is invaluable. All researchers unanimously agree that over time, an excellent novel could come out from under his pen. But like many Russian geniuses, Alexander Vampilov died very early, leaving only five plays to his descendants.

I remember the time when Vampilov's plays were triumphant across the country. Together with them there were legends about a provincial playwright who wrote five plays, went to Moscow, where one of them was accepted for production, he returned home and ... drowned. Like a true genius, at the age of 35.
It was then that I watched four of Vampilov's five plays. The fifth, "Duck Hunt", for some reason did not go anywhere, and this was intriguing.
I read the play a few years later in a book and understood why perhaps they were afraid to stage it. The fact is that in addition to the obvious realistic plot, there is another layer in it, not quite clear, reeking of phantasmagoria. And in fact, an open end, leaving room for a variety of interpretations.
The film, staged by V. Melnikov (director of the magnificent "Elder Son" based on another play by Vampilov), I think, turned out to be not entirely successful, despite the brilliant Oleg Dahl in leading role and a lot of other fine actors (it was called "Vacation in September"). Melnikov shot a realistic film, the story turned out about a disgusting and immoral drunkard, who was absolutely incomprehensible for what women loved and about whom it is not clear why they wrote a play and made a film. But the play is about tragedy extra person"of the middle of the 20th century, and its hero Zilov is a descendant of Onegin and Pechorin.
Now I think you will understand why it was so interesting for me to see "Duck Hunt" in the theater for the first time, especially since, judging by the reviews, the performance of the theater Et Cetera was by no means realistic.
What did they get?

For my taste, Et Cetera turned out to be too much phantasmagoria. except actors, on the stage there are three "mourners" (who at some point turn into brides), a guitarist, an orchestra, a male and female "choir" (as it is stated in the program, although rather a corps de ballet). They all play, sing, dance and quack. Some of the characters' lines are spoken by one of the "additional" characters, and the characters scream much more often than they just talk. The girl of the hero is Buryat, in some places she speaks Buryat and in one scene comes out in unimaginable complexity national costume. The stage is flooded with water, some of the characters walk in wading boots, some in model shoes, and those and others periodically flop into the water and get wet (it's a pity for the actors). You get tired of all this noise very quickly, and additional effects drag out the performance, which lasts three and a half hours.
Is there any point in all these "additions"? To be honest, I didn’t take it, except for the fact that horror and hopelessness are on the rise. Perhaps this is exactly what the director wanted to achieve. Then we can say that he coped with his task. The performance was terrifying and hopeless. BUT main character- simply disgusting (an order of magnitude more disgusting than the cinematic Dahl). So the theme of the "superfluous person", who wants to empathize, has remained undisclosed here.
While preparing the post, I found out that another film adaptation of "Duck Hunt" has recently appeared - with Evgeny Tsyganov and Chulpan Khamatova.
I don't think I'll risk watching after this show...
To cheer up, I will give a photo of the monument to playwrights in the courtyard of the Tabakov theater-studio (Chaplygina Street, 1a). Alexander Vampilov - in the center.

Alexander Valentinovich Vampilov(August 19, 1937, Kutulik, Irkutsk region - August 17, 1972, Port Baikal) - Soviet playwright.

During his literary work, A. Vampilov wrote about 70 stories, sketches, essays, articles and feuilletons. In 1962 A. Vampilov wrote a one-act play "Twenty Minutes with an Angel". In 1963, the one-act comedy "The House with Windows in the Field" was written. In 1964, while studying, the first big play was written - the comedy "Farewell in June" (the playwright returned to work on it more than once: four versions of the play are known). In 1965, A. Vampilov wrote the comedy "The Elder Son" (the first name was "Suburb"). In 1968, the playwright finished the play Duck Hunt. In early 1971, A. Vampilov completed work on the drama Last Summer in Chulimsk (the first title was Valentina).

“A chance, a trifle, a combination of circumstances sometimes become the most dramatic moments in a person’s life,”- Vampilov developed this idea in his plays. A. Vampilov was deeply worried moral problems. His works are based on real life material. Awakening conscience, nurturing a sense of justice, kindness and mercy - these are the main motives his plays.

Type of hero of time - eccentrics, strange people, strange women, carrying a holiday (Valentina in the play “Last Summer in Chulimsk”.

Sound. There are no musical sequences - there is an interesting speech of the characters. The case is important - the random circumstance of the episodes, the case is a test for the heroes. The personality of the hero is revealed through dramatic and tragic episodes.

During his studies, he wrote the comedy Fair (other name Goodbye in June, 1964), which was highly appreciated by playwrights A. Arbuzov and V. Rozov. Vampilov's own theme is heard as a foreshadowing. She has not yet gained strength, only cut through the plot of the “student comedy”, sometimes too intricate, sometimes too simple, in the style of a faculty skit. There are many more spectacular provisions, they are generously sketched and illegible. An upset wedding, a failed duel, a hero serving fifteen days in forced labor ... The author still does not quite believe that he can hold our attention with a character sketch. And the character has already been presented, the fate of the young Kolesov has announced its own theme.

Zolotuev seems to be a completely introductory comic person, but the most important in the plan of the play. Violating all the laws of the genre, he delivers a three-page monologue. This monologue is about the misfortune of an old bribe taker who ran into an honest man. He still cannot believe that he would not take bribes - everyone takes it, it is important not to miss the price offered. Zolotuev is offended, indignant at his ostentatious honesty, and, even after serving his term, he is sure that he was sitting in vain: it means that he gave little.

But what does the pensioner Zolotuev have to do with it, when we are interested in the dashingly brave, honest and charming guy Kolosov? In Kolesov, the energies of the young are seething, harmless mischief, but in general he is an excellent fellow and, when he is kicked out of the institute, most of the guys are on his side.

The trouble comes to the young hero from the other side: when it is necessary to make the first serious life choice. It’s not the blood that flows through the veins, it’s a serious matter: institute or love?

Having laughed at Zolotuev, Kolesov himself does not notice how he is converting to his faith: everything is bought and sold, the price and goal are important. Leaving the girl you love, as her father demands, is both hard and mean. But if the diploma burns? If fate is at stake? Kolesov was characterized by everything that is characteristic of a good, honest young man: next to enthusiasm and across it - a skeptical pose, next to the romance of the soul, distrust of the phrase, educational pressure, moral prescriptions that the elders always annoy. Hence, perhaps, mischief, youth. Hence the demonstrative practicality, ostentatious rationalism, a little funny and still innocent at a young age, but imperceptibly, like Kolesov, justifying the first deals with conscience.

In Kolesov, the negative shines through, which will be the essence of Victor in Duck Hunt. The transformation of Kolesov - a wheel, betrays the girl for the sake of a diploma, scientific work. It can roll here and there. Zilov in "Duck Hunt" - a Zil truck, goes through destinies. Between these heroes 20 years, the winner of the student became selfish and scoundrel. 3 stories in "Farewell in June" - Kolesov and Tanya, a student wedding and a mono drama - a man who measures everything for money.

In 1967 Vampilov wrote plays Elder son and duck hunting in which the tragic component of his drama is fully embodied. In the comedy The Elder Son, within the framework of a masterfully written intrigue (a deception by two friends, Busygin and Silva, of the Sarafanov family), it was about the eternal values ​​​​of being - the continuity of generations, breaking spiritual ties, love and forgiveness by close people to each other. In this play, the "theme-metaphor" of Vampilov's plays begins to sound: the theme of the house as a symbol of the universe. The playwright himself, who lost his father in early childhood, perceived the relationship between father and son especially painfully and sharply.

Not in the foreground love stories, but the relationship of father and son, although they are not blood relatives. Remember the return of the prodigal son from the bible . Theme to go crazy or not to go crazy– they all go crazy with feelings. All this develops into a love relationship.

The plot of the play "Elder Son" is simple. The name of the play "Elder Son" is the most successful, since its main character - Volodya Busygin - fully justified the role he took on. He helped Nina and Vasenka understand how much their father means to them, having raised both of them without a mother who left the family. The gentle character of the head of the Sarafanov family is manifested in everything. He takes everything to heart: he is ashamed of his position in front of the children, hides that he left the theater, recognizes the “eldest son”, tries to calm Vasenka, to understand Nina. You can’t call him a loser, since at the very peak of his mental crisis, Sarafanov survived, while others broke down. Unlike the neighbor who refused Busygin and Silva an overnight stay, he would have warmed up the guys, even if they had not invented this story with the “eldest son”. But most importantly, Sarafanov cherishes his children and loves them. Children are callous towards their father.

Silva, like Volodya, is also essentially an orphan: with living parents, he was brought up in a boarding school. Apparently, his father's dislike was reflected in his character. Silva told Volodya about how his father “admonished” him: “Hey, he says, you have the last twenty rubles, go to a tavern, get drunk, make a brawl, but such a brawl that I won’t see you for a year or two.” Vampilov did not accidentally make the origins of the fates of the heroes similar. By this, he wanted to emphasize how important a person’s own choice is, independent of circumstances. Unlike orphan Volodya, "orphan" Silva is cheerful, resourceful, but cynical. His true face is revealed when he "exposes" Volodya, declaring that he is not a son or brother, but a recidivist. Nina's fiancé - Mikhail Kudimov - is an impenetrable man. Such people are found in life, but you will not immediately understand them. “Smiling. He still smiles a lot. Good-natured,” says Vampilov about him. In fact, the word that he gave himself for all occasions is dearest of all to him. He is indifferent to people. This character occupies an insignificant place in the play, however, he is a pronounced type of “correct” people who create a suffocating atmosphere around themselves. Involved in a family intrigue, Natasha Makarskaya is shown as a decent, but unhappy and lonely person. Vampilov deeply reveals in the play the theme of loneliness, which can bring a person to despair. In the image of the neighbor Sarafanovs, a type of a cautious person, an inhabitant, who is afraid of everything (“looks at them with apprehension, suspicion”, “removes silently and timidly”) and does not interfere in anything is deduced. Issues and main idea the plays are stated in the very title of the dramatic work. It was no coincidence that the author replaced the original name "Suburb" with "Elder Son". The main thing is not where the events take place, but who participates in. To be able to think, understand each other, support in difficult moments to show mercy - this is the main idea of ​​the play by Alexander Vampilov. The author does not define the genre of the play. Along with the comic, there are many dramatic moments in the play, especially in the subtext of the statements of Sarafanov, Silva, Makarska.

The play "Duck Hunt" written by Vampilov in 1968. Researchers note that ""Duck Hunt" is Vampilov's most bitter, most bleak play. As critics point out, Alexander Vampilov "managed to sensitively capture and convey the loss in everyday bustle of a sense of kindness, trust, mutual understanding, spiritual kinship." “You need to write about what makes you unable to sleep at night,” Vampilov argued. "Duck Hunt" - personally experienced, felt, silent. The action of the play "Duck Hunt" takes place in the late 60s. Before the eyes of the reader is the city apartment of the main character, Zilov. Throughout the play, the hero's memories draw us separate episodes of his life. Zilov is “about thirty years old,” as the author notes in a remark. Despite the young age of the hero, we can feel his spiritual decline, lack of moral and heart strength. Vampilov points out that “both in his gait, and in gestures, and in conversation, he shows some uncertainty and boredom, the origin of which cannot be determined at a glance.” In the course of the play, the reader learns that Zilov's outward well-being and physical health is an appearance. Something destroys the hero from the inside. Some kind of power overwhelmed him. This force is life itself, with which Zilov does not want to fight. He does not live - he outlives himself. At some point, fate swallowed up Zilov, the routine and routine of life became the norm, moreover, a habit, second nature. The theme of “outliving oneself”, spiritual decline, runs like a leitmotif through the entire action of the play. Funeral music, a funeral wreath, the phrase "life, in essence, is lost" are characteristic details that accompany the development of the action. The worst thing is that Zilov has long come to terms with his fall. “Come on, old man,” he says to Sayapin, “there will be nothing of us anymore ... However, I could do something else. But I dont want. I have no desire." This phrase - “I have no desire” - is the personification of the entire inner and outer life of the hero: his relationship with his wife, women, friends, colleagues, himself. Zilov voluntarily surrenders. He enters into a vicious circle where the only action is to escape from himself. Zilov is surrounded by people with whom he can communicate without any effort - whether heartfelt or mental. Probably, the hero came to such an existence after a terrible shock. The researchers note that "...behind Zilov<…>an undoubted disappointment, a spiritual breakdown, as a result of which he is ready to stop believing in goodness, decency, vocation, work, love, conscience. He turns into a cynic after experiencing an internal catastrophe. Suffering is opposed by indifference and denial. "Cynicism from suffering?... Have you ever thought about it?" . However, it is cynicism that allows Zilov to be aware, to understand, to determine. Still, he does not live in a world of illusions. As writer Sergei Dovlatov, a contemporary of Alexander Vampilov, noted, “cynicism presupposes the existence of common ideals.” Of course, Zilov had ideals. But they could not stand the rough touch of reality, when "turbulent life turned into mean prose." Myself the image of the coveted duck hunt devoid of romantic, idyllic coloring. For Zilov, duck hunting is nothingness, silence on the hunt is “the silence of eternal oblivion, the silence of an almost otherworldly world”: “Do you know what kind of silence it is? You're not there, do you understand? No. You haven't been born yet. And there is nothing. And it wasn't. And it won't." Action is needed to break out of the dark circle. Not decorations, not preparations for action, but action. In spiritual despair, Zilov tries to commit suicide. But this act of his is a game with himself, a gloomy irony, a mockery: “I sat down on a chair, put the gun on the floor, leaned my chest on the trunks. Tried on the trigger with one hand, tried on with the other. He put down a chair, sat down, arranged the gun in such a way that it rested on the chest with the barrels, with the butt on the table. He put down the gun, pulled off the boot from his right foot, took off his sock, and again arranged the gun between his chest and the table. I felt the trigger with my big toe ... ". In our opinion, the problems of the play "Duck Hunt" can be defined by the words of one of Alexander Vampilov's contemporaries - the writer Valentin Rasputin: “The main question that Vampilov constantly raises is: will you remain a man, a man? Will you be able to overcome all that false and unkind ... ". "Duck Hunt" is the tragic culmination of the main theme of the theater by Alexander Vampilov: "Will a living soul overcome the routine of life?" . And perhaps not all is lost for Zilov. Maybe the hero will get a second wind and he will see that “the rain has passed outside the window, a strip of sky is turning blue, and the roof of the neighboring house is lit by a dim evening sun.” Maybe Zilov's words “I'm ready. Yes, I’m leaving now ”- a real action, the beginning of a new life. Without a doubt, Alexander Vampilov possessed a rare gift - the gift of a dramatic writer. His work is alive; sense of proportion, talent, a considerable share of genius - features dramaturgy of Vampilov. In the play "Duck Hunt" there is no place for untruth. That is why it is read freely and at the same time turns thought into the depths of human existence. The author managed to turn the dialogical speech of the characters into a "sparkling, energetic stream" . Truthfulness and the gift of human sensitivity - this is what provides the work of Alexander Vampilov with an incomparable attraction.

In drama Last summer in Chulimsk(1972) Vampilov created his best female image - a young provincial tea worker Valentina. This woman strove to preserve the “living soul” in herself with the same persistence with which throughout the play she tried to preserve the front garden, which was trampled down by indifferent people every now and then.

Almost all heroes of Vampilov young and carefree. They easily go through life, doing their beautiful stupidity. But there comes a day when it becomes clear that carelessness is just a game, a shield covering the vulnerable core of the soul. There comes a day when they must show their true self, make a choice that will largely depend on them. further fate. They say that we all live for some most important moment of life, when you have to pour everything that we put into it out of the bag of your life in order to choose something most important - something that will help us not to break in a difficult situation. but get stronger. However, for the author, the hero is not the one who does not stumble, but the one who finds the strength to rise and move on.

In general, the peculiarity of Vampilov's plays is that he does not pronounce the final verdict on his heroes. The author prefers to put ellipsis. We see such an ending in the author's last play, Last Summer in Chulimsk. This play is rightly called the author's most "Chekhovian" play, from which even a comma cannot be removed. The image-symbol of this play - the fence of the front garden - is an indicator of humanity for the heroes of the play. Most of them are constantly destroying the gate, sincerely not understanding why Valentina stubbornly continues to repair it ("People walk across and will walk").

Alexander Valentinovich Vampilov (August 19, 1937, Irkutsk region, RSFSR, USSR - August 17, 1972, near the village of Irkutsk region, RSFSR, USSR) - playwright and prose writer.

encyclopedic reference

Born in a teacher's family. His father, a rural teacher, was innocently repressed in 1937 and died, his mother continued to work, raising three children. The parents of the future writer lived in the regional center Kutulik. Although often the birthplace of A.V. called the regional center Kutulik, in fact he was born in the maternity hospital of the neighboring town of Cheremkhovo.

From childhood he was fond of music, played in a drama club, went in for sports. After leaving school (1955) he entered the Faculty of History and Philology. The first stories, which later compiled the book "Coincidence of Circumstances" (1961), were published on the pages of the newspaper "" and "Irkutsk University". In 1960 he defended his diploma, a year later his first book was published, in 1964 - the first one-act play "The House with Windows in the Field".

Already the first "full-length" play by Vampilov "Farewell in June" attracted attention. It was still in manuscript when it served as a pretext for Vampilov's admission to the USSR Writers' Union, and a year later, published in the Theater magazine (1966. No. 8), it began its march through the country's theater groups, was staged in many European theaters. His play "", completed in 1965, during the life of Vampilov went around the world. The only city where she was forbidden to enter was the capital of our homeland, Moscow. Three times in different years the Yermolova Theater handed over The Elder Son to the official commission, and three times the performance was not accepted (only six months after the death of Vampilov, the same commission allowed The Elder Son to be staged).

“From the very beginning, this became a creative feature of A. Vampilov as a playwright - to take a person who, at first glance, seems either ridiculous, unlucky, or frivolous, carefree, or almost downcast, waving his hand at himself, and show what resources of humanity really are. he has”, - notes the literary critic A. Ovcharenko.

Having told about how two young people, having missed the last train, are looking for an overnight stay, Vampilov introduces his heroes to the house of the failed musician Sarafanov.

“...According to the properties of his soul, Sarafanov cannot only drag existence through everyday life,- wrote literary critic V. Lakshin. - He certainly needs to live some kind of dream, at least a domestic myth, that he works in a philharmonic society or is about to write an oratorio that will glorify him. Thanks to Busygin, Sarafanov begins to face the truth, realizes that even without fulfilling his cherished dream, he lives usefully, that people also need playing the clarinet. And let Sarafanov be naive and a little ridiculous, but he evokes sympathy because “he doesn’t want to become stale, moldy, dissolve in the bustle”.

Vampilov's earliest records relating to the play "The Elder Son" date back to 1964: the title is "Peace in the House of Sarafanov", future characters: Sarafanov Alexei Nikolaevich - retired colonel, Emma - his daughter, Vasya - his son, ninth grader, Zabrodin - a student on vacation, Kemerovo - a typist, Chistyakov - an engineer.

Even earlier in notebooks Vampilov, the names and characteristics of future characters are mentioned, different from the final version: Nikolai Zabrodin - a student on vacation, a physicist (22), a tramp and a fatalist (embittered). Aleksey Nikolaevich Sarafanov - tuner (50), kind-hearted, cheerful, understood everything and forgave everything, a gentle person. Loves work. Olenka Sarafanova - a girl making her way onto the stage. Sober, cold, but sweet, etc. Greta Komarovskaya is a woman who is waiting for an opportunity. Secretary typist. Vasenka Sarafanov - an infant, a novice bastard, behind his back the first two courses. Yuri Chistyakov is an engineer, a person with a Moscow residence permit, Olenka's fiancé.

The first version of the play was created in 1965 and published in excerpts under the title "Grooms" on May 20, 1965 in the newspaper "Soviet Youth". In 1967 the play was called Suburb and in 1968 it was published in the anthology Angara.

In 1970, Vampilov finalized the play for the Art publishing house, where The Elder Son was released as a separate edition.

The playwright Alexei Simukov preserved Vampilov's letter, in which he explains Busygin's actions:

“... At the very beginning ... (when it seems to him that Sarafanov went to commit adultery) he (Busygin) does not even think about meeting him, he avoids this meeting, and when he meets, he does not deceive Sarafanov just like that, out of evil hooliganism, but rather , acts like a moralist in some way. Why shouldn't this (father) suffer a little for that one (Busygin's father)? Firstly, having deceived Sarafanov, he is always burdened by this deception, and not only because he is Nina, but also before Sarafanov he has downright remorse. Subsequently, when the position of the imaginary son is replaced by the position of the beloved brother - the central situation of the play, Busygin's deception turns against him, he acquires a new meaning and, in my opinion, looks completely harmless.

Duck Hunt (1967)

"Duck Hunt" (1967) is Vampilov's most bitter, most bleak play, the most suffered in his work.

In the eyes of the protagonist of the play, Zilov, there is boredom and indifference to everything: work, wife, friends, life. As if from boyhood, he immediately entered the old age of the soul, having passed maturity. This is not only his fault, but his misfortune - because he has lost the meaning, the justification of life. Another would have lived without thinking about anything, like many others, but Zilov cannot do that. And not finding something to live for, he loses himself, becomes a vulgar consumer. The energy of his soul as a result is spent on self-destruction.

“Vampilov was vitally interested in why people who enter life young, healthy, morally strong, far from reaching the pinnacle of their destiny, break down and die. How to overcome the process of moral degradation, how to keep honest and strong convictions? Vampilov's answer turns us to ourselves, to those inexhaustible reserves human soul, which are in every person - if only he does not stop believing that he can and should live with dignity”, - notes V. Lakshin.

Last Summer in Chulimsk (1972)

In 1972 A.V. Vampilov is finishing work on the play Last Summer in Chulimsk.

“Together with Vampilov, sincerity and kindness came to the theater, - wrote V. Rasputin. - Valentina appeared on the stage (“Last Summer in Chulimsk”), and involuntarily everything low and dirty retreated before her ... Weak, unprotected people who do not know how to defend themselves in front of the prose of life, but look how steadfast, what complete inner conviction they have in the main and holy laws of human existence...”.

The play was written in early 1971. The first version was created specifically for Moscow academic theater them. Vl. Mayakovsky, but was not put on stage. One version of the play ended with Valentina's suicide.

Initially, Vampilov called the play "Valentina", but the name had to be changed, because while the play was being approved by censorship, M. Roshchin's play became widely known " Valentine and Valentine", written later. The name was changed to “Red Summer - June, July, August ...” In his first one-volume book, A.V. Vampilov included a play under the working title "Last Summer in Chulimsk" - and after the author's death it became final.

Expert opinion

Literary critic A. Ovcharenko:

"From the very beginning, this became a creative feature of A. Vampilov as a playwright- take a person who, at first glance, seems either ridiculous, unlucky, or frivolous, carefree, or almost downcast, waving his hand at himself, and show what resources of humanity he actually possesses.